식물대사체 연구의 현황과 전망
Present and prospect of plant metabolomics
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식물 대사체 (plant metabolomics) 연구는 식물 세포 및조직에 존재하는 모든 대사산물의 시간적, 공간적 변화를 추적 조사함으로써 식물의 복잡한 생리 현상을 총체적으로 이해하는 연구이다. 이와 같은 식물 대사체 연구는 최근 개발이 이루어지고 있는 여러 오믹스 연구 분야의 하나로 시스템생물학의 한 분야이다. 식물 대사체 연구는 시료로부터 순수 화합물 또는 복합물을 정제하거나 또는 정제가 이루어지지 않은 혼합액으로부터 대사체 스펙트럼 정보를 확보하여 분석이 이루어지므로 추출액 제조 및 얻어진 대사체 데이터의 분석과정의 표준화가 필수적으로 이루어져야 한다. 이는 대사체 분석 결과의 해상도 및 재현성의 확보의 핵심 요소 이다. 식물 대사체 연구는 기능유전체학의 연구 수단은 물론 식물의 종, 품종, 더 나아가 GM 식물의 식별, 대사조절 기작 규명, 유용물질 생산, 식물의 외부 환경 스트레스 요인에 대한 다양한 생리적 반응 이해 등 다양한 연구 분야에서 활용이 이루어지고 있다. 최근 식물 대사체 연구는 모델식물(벼, 애기장대)의 유전체 정보와 연계하여 돌연변이주의 분석을 통해 유전자의 기능 정의 수단으로 활용되고 있다. 따라서 향후 유전체 정보와 대사체 정보의 연계를 통해복잡한 대사경로 규명이나 다양한 생리 현상 해석 연구가 더욱 활발하게 진행될 것으로 전망된다.
Abstract
Plant metabolomics is a research field for identifying all of the metabolites found in a certain plant cell,tissue, organ, or whole plant in a given time and conditions and for studying changes in metabolic profiling as time goes or conditions change. Metabolomics is one of the most recently developed omics for holistic approach to biology and is a kind of systems biology. Metabolomics or metabolite fingerprinting techniques usually involves collecting spectra of crude solvent extracts without purification and separation of pure compounds or not in standardized conditions. Therefore,that requires a high degree of reproducibility, which can be achieved by using a standardized method for sample preparation and data acquisition and analysis. In plant biology, metabolomics is applied for various research fields including rapid discrimination between plant species, cultivar and GM plants, metabolic evaluation of commercial food stocks and medicinal herbs, understanding various physiological,stress responses, and determination of gene functions. Recently, plant metabolomics is applied for characterization of gene function often in combination with transcriptomics by analyzing tagged mutants of the model plants of Arabidopsis and rice. The use of plant metabolomics combined by transcriptomics in functional genomics will be the challenge for the coming year. This review paper attempted to introduce current status and prospects of plant metabolomics research.
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