선진국과 저소득국 사이의 수출입 바기닝 파워: 1980년 및 1990년을 중심으로
A Study on the Bargaining Power between Developed and Underdeveloped Countries in Import and Export in 1980 & 1990
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본 연구의 목적은 소니와 디 피에트로의 모델을 이용하여 선진국과 저소득국의 수출입 바기닝 파워를 산출하는 것에 의해 프레비시가 제기한 저소득국의 교역조건의 장기적 악화 가설을 검증하는 데에 있다. 소니와 디 피에트로의 모델에 의해 산출한 저소득국의 바기닝 파워 값은 과대 산출된다는 한계성이 있기는 하나, 산출한 1974년도, 1980년도 및 1990년도의 선진국 및 저소득국의 바기닝 파워 값은 프레비시 가설을 지지하고 있다. 또한 선진국은 수출입시장에서 수출입 바기닝 파워의 결정자로서 독점적인 우위를 점하고 있다는 사실도 도출되었다. 바로 그러한 선진국의 독점적 우위가 수출 및 수입에서 저소득국의 판매력 및 구매력에 지대한 영향력을 미치고 있으며 결과적으로 교역조건에 영향을 미친다고 하겠다.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the secular deterioration hypothesis with respect to the terms of trade for underdeveloped countries by using the model of Sahwney and Di Pietro in terms of the importing and exporting bargaining power. Although, in general, it is known that the model is likely to overestimate the value of the bargaining power of those countries, the value in years of 1974, 1980 and 1990 we calculated with data of those years supports the Prebisch hypothesis It is also verified that developed countries have been occupying monopolistic domination as a bargaining power determiner in the import and export market. The study concludes that such monopolistic domination of the developed countries has correctly exerted a large influence on the bargaining power and the Terms of Trade of underdeveloped countries in international trade.
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