이용악 시에 나타난 상호텍스트성의 의미 - 일제 말에서 해방기 시를 중심으로 -

Abstract

The narrative-orientation in Lee Yong Ak’s poetry reduced around 1940. His poems around the period feature a new phenomenon of intertextuality with Western classic texts. This study aims to interpret his works through cross-reading with his other poems and comparisons with the original texts, while focusing on three of his poems, “Under the Stars,” “Night by Night,” and “When the Country Is in Sorrow,” and ultimately to identify the role and significance of intertextuality from Lee Yong Ak’s poetry. Chapter 2 examines the poem, “Under the Stars,” which has intertexuality with Tantalos from the Greek Mythology. In this poem, Tantalos symbolizes ‘the insatiable hunger of desire.’ The myth of Tantalos is the archetype of imagination that penetrates the entire poetry by Lee Yong Ak. The deficiency and hunger in his poems are transformed into an insatiable desire for the ideal, while creating the intertextuality with the myth of Tantalos. Chapter 3 looks at “Night by Night,” which has intertextuality with The Apology of Socrates by Plato. Meletus in this poem symbolizes ‘the shadow of guilt.’ Apparently, he is an accuser, but paradoxically he plays the part of a helper in that he makes the poet turn to introspection. Unlike Meletus in the original text, Lee Yong Ak’s Meletus signifies the ego who struggles and introspects beyond the dichotomy of good and evil. This poem is a representative example of creatively transformed intertextuality. Chapter 3 addresses “When the Country Is in Sorrow,” which is in intertextual relationship with the story of David and Goliath from the Bible. In this poem, David symbolizes ‘the strife against and anger toward the enemy.’ The poet makes an allegorical interpretation of the character from the original text and substitutes David with us and Goliath with the enemy. Lee Yong Ak makes a declaration of his strife against the enemy, establishing his identity as a warrior and presenting his future moves. The characters from Lee Yong Ak’s poems that have intertextuality with Western classic texts play the part of raising self-consciousness during the Japanese colonial period and groping for the positions of poets in the liberated country. By borrowing ‘their stories’ from the classic texts and applying them into poetic consciousness which is lost in confusion, he recovers clear narrativity and secures poetic outlook. The intertextuality in Lee Yong Ak’s poems was a transitional phenomenon as an alternative when narrativity was dwarfed and lyricism was on the rise. With this move, Lee Yong Ak established his socialist ideas and his identity as a warrior who put the ideas into practice. Therefore, the significance of intertextuality from Lee Yong Ak’s poetry is that poetic consciousness, once ruined, comes to take a positive stance toward reality, introspecting the past through communion with characters from the classic texts while making prospects of the future.