刑事诉讼的在场理论
Presence Theory in Criminal Proceedings
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需要澄清的是, 案卷笔录中心主义并不是冤错案件的根源, 但是在场理论可以确保案卷得以规 范合法地生成, 以及得到更恰当准确地运用。 在场理论包括在侦查阶段形成侦查案卷文档和笔录时 侦查人员重现犯罪现场和辩护律师第一时间在场, 又包括在审查案卷笔录时允许控辩双方在充分 共享和研究案卷信息的基础上提出对质意见以及引入中立的第三方充分听取控辩双方的意见并结 合证据、 情境进行恰当的判断, 当然, 讯问笔录由中立的第三者主持并且听取了对立双方的意见而 形成, 这起到固定证据作用, 该笔录满足了对质要求可以引入到庭审之中作为裁判依据。
Abstract
It should be clarified that case file transcript-centrism is not the root cause of wrongful cases, but the theory of presence can ensure that case files can be generated in a standardized and legal manner, and are used more appropriately and accurately. The theory of presence includes the fact that when the investigation file documents and transcripts are formed during the investigation stage, the investigator reproduces the crime scene and the defense lawyer are present for the first time, and when reviewing the case file transcript, the prosecution and defense are allowed to put forward cross-examination opinions on the basis of fully sharing and studying the information of the case file, and a neutral third party is introduced to fully listen to the opinions of the prosecution and defense and make appropriate judgments based on evidence and circumstances. The transcript meets the confrontation requirements and can be introduced into the trial as the basis for adjudication.