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유동 집합동산의 양도와 공시에 대한 새로운 접근

A New Approach to the Transfer and Public Notification of Current Collective Movable Property

문성제
법학연구원 (Legal Research Institute of Korea University)|2009.12|성균관법학 (SungKyunKwan Law Review)|제21권 제3호|pp. 129-160|DOI 10.17008/skklr.2009.21.3.006

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참고문헌

키워드

공시(public notification)유동집합물(current collective movable)담보(mortage)부동산(real estate)등기(register)유체물(corporeal article)이중담보(duble mortgage)파산(liquidation)통일상법전(U.C.C)
주제분류법학

초록

Abstract

Up to now, the objects of mortgage are corporeal articles which may be registered and enrolled and have been focused primarily on real estate, because real estate has been considered more valuable and less fluctuating in its price than movable property and has been considered more advantageous in transactional safety and certainty owing to public notification than the latter. Therefore, the movable property that may not be registered and enrolled has been not so much available as an object of mortgage, no matter how much valuable it might be. However, the Korean financial crisis around 1997 has caused higher uncertainty about collateral value of domestic real estate and thereby has been also a new turning point of domestic real estate market to get more interested in collective movable property mortgage that sets a multitude of collective movables en bloc as the purpose of mortgage. In Korea, such a high interest in said mortgage has been reflected on court's judgments for the effectiveness of contract to establish fluctuating collective movable property mortgage for transfer, and the judgments preinform follow-up legislative discussions about said contract in near future, as some advanced countries like United States and Japan have already enacted and enforced special laws to permit transfer of movable property. However, the biggest one of issues raised so far in the collective movable property mortgage is the difficulties with finding presence of any collateral right in legal relationships with the third party, because current means of publicly notifying the availability of collateral right relies on constitutional possession according to agreement between parties concerned. Particularly, current collective movable property mortgage may bring a variety of legal issues, because it is free to carry in and out to certain extent. In other words, current collective movable property mortgage may involve certain legal issues like double mortgage or effective scope of current collective movable property mortgage in terms of liquidation or insolvency practices. Notably, in case of the mortgage for current collective movable property, a collateral right holder may grant a mortgagor the right to dispose of a subject matter to certain extent applicable and may supplement the subject matter, so that the mortgagor may keep performing his operating activities and thereby acquire business funding, despite any established mortgage for transfer, ultimately in order to achieve any desired goal of collateral system. But there is not yet any relevant system developed in Korea. That is why it will be required to complement current domestic mortgage system in near future. The United States has already prepared a framework of movable property mortgage for transfer by adopting a new concept of collateral right in Chapter 9 of the Uniform Consumer Code(U.C.C). Japan has also established ‘the Act on the Exception to Assignment of Movables and Claims’ in 2004 and thereby has extended existing registration system even into real rights over movables in order to explore a new orientation turning from conventional unstable public notification system for movables by constitutional possession. In view of the above matters, this study sought to examine legal principles of collective movable property mortgage system in preparation for introducing a public notification system for transfer of movable property into Korea, and also sought to introduce foreign application cases of said system and emphasize why it is necessary to introduce said system.

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