한국 국회의원 선거에서 나타난 계급의식과 투표선택: 제20대 총선을 중심으로
Effects of Class Consciousness on Vote Choice in the 2016 Korean Legislative Election
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이 글은 제20대 국회의원 선거를 대상으로, 계급의식이 한국인의 투표행태에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 분석 대상은 두 가지이다. 하나는 어떤 요인이 유권자의 계급의식에 영향을 미치는가에 대한 분석이며, 다른 하나는 계급의식이 유권자의 투표선택에 유의미한 영향을 미치는가에 대한 분석이다. 분석결과에 의하면, 직업, 주관적 계층인식, 자산수준이 개인의 계급의식에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤으나, 투표선택에는 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 이에 비해, 계급의식은 유권자의 투표선택에 유의미한 영향을 준 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 분석결과는 직업 및 자산수준과 같은 객관적 계급변수가 계급의식이라는 변수를 통해 간접적으로 유권자의 투표선택에 영향을 주었음을 보여준다. 이는 결국 계급균열이 한국의 선거정치에서 중요한 변수로 등장하고 있음을 보여준다.
Abstract
This paper, focusing on the role of class consciousness, reexamines class voting in South Korea through an analysis of the 2016 Korean legislative election. The purpose of this study is twofold. First, it determines the sources of class consciousness among Korean voters. Second, it scrutinizes whether class consciousness affects vote choice. The results show that occupation, subjective class identification, and assets level have significant impacts on the class consciousness of Korean voters. Furthermore, unlike prior studies, which have found anti-class voting, this study reports that class consciousness has a significant effect on vote choice in the 2016 Korean legislative election, although occupation, income level, assets level, and subjective class identification were not directly associated with vote choice when class consciousness is included in the model. These results imply that the objective social class position did not directly influence their vote choice but do so only indirectly through class consciousness, and class cleavages have begun to acquire a salient character for electoral politics in Korea.
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