함경북도의 지리적 특징과 3·1운동의 전파양상

Abstract

Hamgyeongbuk-do is located in the northeastern part of the Korean, and it is located along the Tumen River to the north near Gando, Honchun, and Osoriju, a Russian territory. and to the west, it faces Hamgyeongnam-do along Macheonryeong Pass, the mountain peak of Baekdusan Mountain, and to the southeast, it faces the East Sea. Since most of them are mountainous areas, the plains are narrow, the terrain is inclined to the north and south, and the rivers flow to the north and south, the March 1 Movement in Hamgyeongbuk-do reflects these geographical characteristics and spreads the Manse Demonstration. After taking place in Gyeongseong(京城) on March 1, the “Declaration of Independence of Joseon” was delivered using existing transportation routes and arrived at Hoeryeong, a border area between Gyeongseong(鏡城) and the Yalu River in Hamgyeongbuk-do on March 9. On March 13, independence movements took place in Hwaryong County and Yongjeongchon, China, which are foreign areas adjacent to Hoeryeong. In addition, given that the news can be delivered from Gyeongseong(京城) to Hoeryeong within eight days, Hamgyeongbuk-do can be said to have spread news of the March 1st Movement, such as the “Declaration of Independence of Joseon,” through domestic transportation routes, not overseas areas such as China. And the Manse Demonstration, which began in Gyeongseong(京城), was delivered to Seongjin on March 10 from Hamgyeongbuk-do, and if you look at Cheondogyo from a time perspective, it is gradually moving northward to Seongjin-gilju-Gyeongseong(鏡城)-Onseong. Focusing on Christianity, it is the same as starting on March 10 in Seongjin, but a number of independent demonstrations are taking place individually, mainly in urban areas. And after April, it is confirmed that the subject of the Manse demonstration is changing from church to student-centered. However, if you look at the overall time axis, the protests are spreading from the south to the north. In addition, the aspect of the Manse Demonstration, which reveals the geographical characteristics of Hamgyeongbuk-do, is the spread of the Manse Demonstration using torches and seas in the border area. Due to its geographical characteristics, Hamgyeongbuk-do, where cities such as Hoeryeong and Musan are located in the border area, is partially confirmed to cross the border with cities adjacent to the China-Russia border, such as Hoeryeong, Onseong, and Jongseong. This can be seen as the geographical characteristics of Hamgyeongbuk-do, which borders foreign regions, also appear in the March 1 Movement.