평안북도 정주지역의 3.1운동

Abstract

This paper examined the March First Movement in Jeongju of Pyeonganbuk Province. The reason why the researcher looked at the cases of Jeongju is because on one hand data on prison-service of Korean inmates during Japanese' rule over Korea, which is the most basic data related to this study, has not been utilized thus far and on the other hand Jeongju is a region where there were not so many demonstrations but demonstrations were most fierce in Pyeonganbuk Province. The March First Movement in Jeongju, according to analysis in light of the characteristics of the region, was influenced by the Russo-Japanese War, damage done to its people resulting from construction of Gyeongui Railroad, movements to restore national rights--represented by Uibyeong [army raised in the cause of justice] movement, Movement of National Debt Indemnity, and patriotic enlightenment movement--Christianity and Cheondogyo that had been disseminated since the Joseon era, Paris Peace Conference, and Wilson's principle of national self-determination. The March First Movement in Jeongju was initiated in March 2 and continued until April 5. There were a total of 14 demonstrations: eight demonstrations between March 2 and March 8, one demonstration on March 15, four demonstrations on March 31, and one demonstration on April 5. Among the total of 14 demonstrations, eight demonstrations occurred in the first ten days of March. Five demonstrations among the rest six demonstrations took place between late in March and early in April. This shows that the demonstrations were divided into two periods (early March and late March to early April). Meanwhile, Japan's records on Koreans' prison-service such as Pangyeolmun and Shinbunjangjimunwonji showed that those aged between 20 and 39 accounted for the highest percent at 38 (77.5%) and half of the inmates were peasants (25 people, 51%). All of the 46 inmates were imprisoned because of security law violation. Regarding the names of their penalty and prison term, five were sentenced to lashing and the others were all sentenced to imprisonment. 25, the largest percent, were sentenced to imprisonment for six months. Most of the March First Movements took place in regions other than Seoul. Each demonstration had diverse aspects according to the characteristics of the participants and was influenced by the given region's cultural and social environment. Figuring out the March First Movement as a whole begins with study on each case. Therefore, this study forms part of such efforts.