조선 후기 궁능(宮陵)을 통해 본 유해목(有害木)의 범주와 관리 양상

Abstract

This study discussed the categories and management aspects of harmful trees in royal palaces, shrines, and tombs of the late Joseon Dynasty, and aimed to provide basic data that can be used as a reference for future maintenance of trees and vegetation in royal palaces and tombs. The research results can be summarized as follows. Harmful trees in royal palaces and tombs are divided into Chunghaemok Tree(蟲害木, insect infested tree), Gosamok Tree(枯死木, dead tree), Dobokmok Tree(倒伏木, fallen tree), Gijangmok Tree(倚墻木, wall-leaning tree), and Yumyemok Tree(陰翳木, shade tree). Although Chunghaemok Tree and Gosamok Tree are types of damaged trees, they were recognized as harmful trees that harm the preservation and management of royal palaces and royal tombs. Gijangmok Tree adjacent to the fence and Dobokmok Tree that fell to the ground were harmful trees that could cause damage to the structure. The Yumyemok Tree was managed as a harmful tree in that it interferes with sunlight and grass growth by forming a shade. According to the records, the Dobokmok Tree shows the highest proportion, followed by the Yumyemok Tree, the Chunghaemok Tree, the Gosamok Tree, and the Gijangmok Tree in that order. In royal palaces, shrines, and tombs, when harmful trees occurred, the problem was solved through active measures. In the case of palaces, follow-up measures for Dobokmok Tree was most noticeable, and in shrines, the management of harmful trees was carried out overall, except for the Chunghaemok Tree. In the case of tombs, discussions and work were conducted to dispose of harmful trees in most royal tombs. In particular, Dobokmok Tree and Yumyemok Tree, which occurred in the burial mound and Gokjang(曲墻) areas, were mainly managed, and the management of harmful trees around major buildings in the cemetery, such as Jaesil(齋室), Jeongjagak(丁字閣), Subokbang(守僕房), and Bigak(碑閣), was also carried out. Among the measures against harmful trees, notable principles and countermeasures today are also identified. First, hazard trees judged as potential harmful trees were preemptively cut down before the problem occurred. Second, logging of harmful trees fully considered the quantity and scale, and a separate standard was established to avoid indiscriminate overlogging. Third, harmful trees cut down were frequently recycled as wood for construction and repairs. Fourth, the observation and and follow-up measures for harmful trees were stipulated as separate guidelines or regularized as periodic implementations if necessary.