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유전자변형 작물에 대한 알레르기 유발성

Allergenicity of Genetically Modified Crops

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참고문헌

주제분류소아과학

초록

기존에 개발된 그리고 현재 개발 중에 있는 모든 유전자변형 작물들은 각각의 특성에 따라 in vitro 및 in vivo 실험을 통해 알레르기 유발성을 예측하거나 평가되어 식품으로써의 안전성을 충분히 검증받고 있다. 물론 인체 in vivo 실험을 이용하는 경우는 윤리적인 문제를 야기 시킬 수 있으므로 각 사례별로 적용이 가능한 지 충분히 검토되어야 할 것이다. 현재까지의 연구결과들에서는 유전자변형 그 자체가 원인이 되어 알레르기를 유발한 예가 없으며 또한 새로운 유전자의 도입으로 인해 농작물 중 유전자 발현이 변화되거나 또는 알레르기원이 생성될 가능성은 없는 것으로 알려지고 있다. 제 1세대 유전자변형 작물들은 제초내 내성과 해충저항성과 같은 생산자 입장에서 유리한 측면들을 고려하여 개발되었으나 차세대에는 소비자들을 고려하여 유용한 영양성분의 강화, 면역기능 강화, 알레르기원 감소 등의 여러 기능성 작물들이 유전자재조합 기술을 이용하여 개발되게 될 것이다. 따라서 새롭게 추가되는 여러 단백질들에 대해서도 꾸준히 안전성 평가가 이루어져야 할 것이며, 기존의 연구 결과들을 토대로 보다 더 효과적이고 신뢰할 수 있는 다양한 방법들이 개발되어져야 할 것이다. 이러한 사항들은 CODEX 등의 국제회의를 거쳐 지속적으로 논의되고 있다.

Abstract

During the period 1996 to 2006, 51 countries have granted regulatory approvals for genetically modified (GM) crops for import for food and feed use and for release into the environment. A total of 539 approvals has been granted for 107 events for 21 crops. One of the safety concerns regarding GM crops is potential allergenicity of the inserted protein. In safety- assessment of the allergenic potential from GM crops, the allergenic properties of the gene donor and the host organisms should be evaluated. The sequence of the newly introduced protein should be compared with all known allergens. If a sequence homology match to a known allergen is identified for the introduced protein, then this protein should be assessed for immunoreactivity using sera from allergic patients. If no sequence homology to known allergens is identified, then the stability of the protein to digestion and processing is assessed. Currently, laboratory and clinical tests have been reported and the assessment process of GM crops has worked well to prevent the unintended introduction of allergens. However, these tests may still occasionally miss a new allergen from all novel foods containing GM crops. The newly introduced protein in GM crops must be carefully assessed as proteins may induce allergic reactions in humans.

참고문헌 (20)

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