신화적 딜문의 역사적 배경
A Historical Background of Mythical Dilmun
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According to Sumerian and Akkadian flood myths, gods had the mortals(Utnapishtim, Ziusudra, and Atrahasis), who had been survived from the Deluge, to settle at “the mouth of the rivers” or in “a foreign country,the land of Dilmun, towards the sunrise” eternally. In the Sumerian myth known as “Enki and the World Order” Enki the water god is said to have “cleaned and purified the land of Dilmun”. In another Sumerian myth known as “Enki and Ninhursag”, Dilmun has also been described as a “land of the living” which knows neither sickness nor death. Through Mesopotamian history Dilmun has been known as an important international trade center. From the time of Urnanshe king of Lagash in ca. 2500 B.C.E. to the Old Babylonian Period in the 18th century B.C.E., Dilmun had been described as a transit maritime port between Magan(Oman), Meluhha(Indus Valley) and Mesopotamian centers. The French Assyriologist Jules Oppert was the first scholar to link the Sumerian toponym “Dilmun“ and Akkadian “Tilmun” with the Greek name “Tylos”, the descriptions of which by many classical authors clearly identify it as today's Bahrain. Furthermore, Dilmun was identified with Bahrain Island by H. Rawlinson in 1880, on the basis of a stone cone inscription belonged to a temple for Inzak, known to be the god of Dilmun. Amongst many archaeological sites of importance on Bahrain there are two outstanding ones which demonstrate cultural links with Sumer. One is the large and complex tell known as the Qala'at al-Bahrain, while the other lies about 6km further along the coast at Barbar,the Temple Complex. Many similarities in building technique, architectural detail proclaim their Sumerian connections, but with an important difference. Whereas in Sumer itself stone building was comparatively rare, due to the absence of local materials, the Bahrain remains are all stone-built. In so far as trade and legend are inextricably mixed in Sumer's history, Dilmun stands at the center of both, just as Bahrain occupied a conveniently central position between Mesopotamia, the Arabian coast, Oman and the markets of the Indus Valley. It is worthy of notice that Dilmun had been elaborated as an unique trading center following the decline of direct imports from Meluhha and Magan in ca. 1900 B.C.E. Thus it would have explain why Dilmun has been emerged as a paradise in the Enki myth which is known as finally compiled at the same period.
Abstract
According to Sumerian and Akkadian flood myths, gods had the mortals(Utnapishtim, Ziusudra, and Atrahasis), who had been survived from the Deluge, to settle at “the mouth of the rivers” or in “a foreign country,the land of Dilmun, towards the sunrise” eternally. In the Sumerian myth known as “Enki and the World Order” Enki the water god is said to have “cleaned and purified the land of Dilmun”. In another Sumerian myth known as “Enki and Ninhursag”, Dilmun has also been described as a “land of the living” which knows neither sickness nor death. Through Mesopotamian history Dilmun has been known as an important international trade center. From the time of Urnanshe king of Lagash in ca. 2500 B.C.E. to the Old Babylonian Period in the 18th century B.C.E., Dilmun had been described as a transit maritime port between Magan(Oman), Meluhha(Indus Valley) and Mesopotamian centers. The French Assyriologist Jules Oppert was the first scholar to link the Sumerian toponym “Dilmun“ and Akkadian “Tilmun” with the Greek name “Tylos”, the descriptions of which by many classical authors clearly identify it as today's Bahrain. Furthermore, Dilmun was identified with Bahrain Island by H. Rawlinson in 1880, on the basis of a stone cone inscription belonged to a temple for Inzak, known to be the god of Dilmun. Amongst many archaeological sites of importance on Bahrain there are two outstanding ones which demonstrate cultural links with Sumer. One is the large and complex tell known as the Qala'at al-Bahrain, while the other lies about 6km further along the coast at Barbar,the Temple Complex. Many similarities in building technique, architectural detail proclaim their Sumerian connections, but with an important difference. Whereas in Sumer itself stone building was comparatively rare, due to the absence of local materials, the Bahrain remains are all stone-built. In so far as trade and legend are inextricably mixed in Sumer's history, Dilmun stands at the center of both, just as Bahrain occupied a conveniently central position between Mesopotamia, the Arabian coast, Oman and the markets of the Indus Valley. It is worthy of notice that Dilmun had been elaborated as an unique trading center following the decline of direct imports from Meluhha and Magan in ca. 1900 B.C.E. Thus it would have explain why Dilmun has been emerged as a paradise in the Enki myth which is known as finally compiled at the same period.
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