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은퇴자들의 심리적 건강의 변화:성장혼합모형의 적용

Exploring the change patterns in retirees’ psychological health using growth mixture modeling

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주제분류심리과학

초록

본 연구는 모집단에 존재하는 관찰되지 않은 이질성을 추적하는 성장혼합모형을 적용하여 은퇴자의 심리적 건강에서의 변화 패턴을 확인하고 각 발달 궤적에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 살펴보았다. 구체적으로, 역할이론, 연속성이론, 및 자원이론을 기반으로 은퇴자의 은퇴 후 심리적 건강 패턴에 유지형, 증가형, 감소형이라는 세 가지 패턴이 존재할 것이라 가정하였다. 이를 검증하기 위해 2005년부터 격년으로 실시해 현재 4차까지 조사가 이루어진 국민노후보장패널조사의 자료를 사용하였으며 총 436명을 최종 분석에 포함하였다. 분석 결과, 은퇴자의 심리적 건강 변화 유형에는 은퇴 전에 비해 은퇴 후 심리적 건강이 증가하는 ‘증가형’과 심리적 건강이 감소하는 ‘감소형’이 존재하는 것으로 나타났다. 이후 각 유형에 영향을 미치는 요인을 확인하기 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 은퇴자의 교육수준이 높고, 은퇴 전 건강 및 경제적 만족도가 높을수록 증가형에 속할 확률이 높았다. 반면, 너무 늦은 시기에 은퇴를 하고 건강상의 문제로 인해 은퇴를 하는 은퇴자일수록 감소형에 속할 확률이 높았다.

Abstract

Using growth mixture modeling which tracks unobserved heterogeneity in population, the current study explored the change patterns of retirees’ psychological health and investigated factors influencing each developmental trajectory. Specifically, based on role theory, continuity theory, and resources theory, it was hypothesized that retirees would display three different types of psychological patterns: the maintaining, enhancing, and declining pattern. In order to test the above expectation, I adapted panel data of the Korean Retirement and Income Study including a total of 436 retirees who participated in survey every other year since 2005 to 2011. Results revealed that there are two distinct change patterns of retirees’ psychological health: the enhancing pattern and the declining pattern. Following was logistic regression analysis which investigated factors influencing each pattern. As a result, it was found that those with higher education and pre-retire satisfaction on health and economic status were more likely to display the enhancing pattern. On the other hand, those who retired late and retired due to health problems were more likely to display the declining pattern.

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