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유아교사의 전문적 정체성 척도 개발

Development of a Scale to Measure Early Childhood Teachers' Professional Identity

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초록

본 연구는 유아교사를 대상으로 전문적 정체성을 측정하는 도구를 개발하기 위해 수행되었다. 전문적 정체성 척도의문항을 구성하기 위하여 이론 검토와 전문가 논의를 거쳐 문항의 척도 시안을 네 번의 수정・보완하였다. 수집된229개 문항을 1차로 하위 구성요소에 따라 분류하여 201개 문항을 배치하였으며, 2차로 하위 구성요소 정의를 나타내는123개 문항을 선별하였다. 이후 3차 문항선정에서는 하위 구성요소 영역의 내용을 나타내는 대표 문항 56개를 선정하였으며 4차 문항 선별 시 전문가 내용타당도 검증을 통해 문항을 선별, 수정하여 21문항의 구성을 1차 개발하였다. 이후문항 수의 적절성 및 응답시간을 체크하여 2차 시안을 개발하였다. 개발된 시안으로 유아교육기관에 재직하는 유아교사305명을 대상으로 수집한 자료를 SPSS 22.0 프로그램을 사용하여 탐색적 요인분석과 확인적 요인분석을 실시하고수렴타당도를 검증하였다. 요인분석 결과 3개 하위 구성요소와 16문항으로 구성되었으며, Cronbach’s α 계수를 통해척도의 신뢰도를 살펴본 결과 하위 구성요소 중 전문성 기준 및 변화 인식은 .826, 교사의 반성 및 가르침의 의미찾기는.791, 전문성 실천 및 확대는 .851로 전체 신뢰도는 .936으로 나타났다. 이를 통해, ‘전문성 기준 및 변화 인식’ 6문항, ‘교사의 반성 및 가르침의 의미 찾기’ 4문항, ‘전문성 실천 및 확대’ 6문항으로 최종 개발되었다. 본 척도는유아교사의 전문적 정체성을 측정할 수 있는 타당하고 신뢰로운 척도임을 알 수 있다. 이를 토대로 본 연구의 시사점과제언점 및 추후 연구 방향을 논의하였다.

Abstract

In this study, we developed a tool to measure the professional identity of early childhood teachers. To develop questions for the professional identity scales, we first prepared a primary draft after four revisions and supplementations through a theoretical review and expert discussions. Subsequently, a second draft was prepared after reviewing the questions. A total of 229 items were first classified according to sub-components and 201 items were included. Then, 123 items representing the sub-component definitions were selected. During the third round of item selection, 56 items representing the contents of the sub-components were selected. Thereafter, 21 items were developed by selecting and revising the items through expert content validity verification during the fourth round of item selection. The scale was then developed by checking the appropriateness and application period to check the second plan. Data of 305 teachers working in infant education institutions were collected and analyzed using the SPSS 22.0 program and the collection variables were verified. The validity and reliability of the questions used to measure teachers' professional identity were obtained through the data collected. The structure was verified through a factor analysis, and the measurement model was suitable for evaluating concept validity. The results of examining the reliability of the scale using Cronbach’s α showed that expertise criteria and change recognition had a reliability of .826, teachers’ self-reflections and finding the meaning of teaching had a reliability of .791, and practicing and expanding expertise had a reliability of .851. The overall reliability was .936. Thus, a total of 16 questions—6 questions regarding “professional standards and awareness of changes”, 4 questions regarding “teachers’ self-reflection and finding meaning” and 6 questions regarding “fulfillment and expansion of professionalism” —were finally developed. Therefore, this scale is valid and reliable to measure early childhood teachers’ professional identity. Based on the findings, we discussed the implications of this study, its limitations, and the directions for future studies.

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