금강유역 백제 교통로와 거점 사찰의 입지적 특징

Abstract

Base temples, which were established in the Geum river basin in Baekje, are concentrated on ancient cities such as Buyeo and Iksan. These temples were built in places which provided geographical benefits based on connection to traffic routes rather than the capital area. It is analyzed that the Baekje kingdom designed and established its capital area by considering the location of base temples from the urban planning stage. In the beginning of capital construction, base temples were mainly built on the terrain with thickly deposited sand in center of the capital for the sake of less effort. On the other hand, after the beginning stage of capital construction, most base temples were constructed in the main outskirts of the Baekije kingdom connected to essential traffic routes. Base temples of the Baekje kingdom established in the outskirts of the capital area in Buyeo and Iksan show the same locational characteristics, which indicate similarities of ancient urban design. A pair of Yongjeong-ri Temple Site and Wangheungsa Temple in Buyeo shows similar geographical characteristics to those of a pair of Jeseoksa Temple Site and Mireuksa Temple Site in Iksan in terms of their location from the eastern and northern directions. The relationship of Yongjeong-ri Temple Site and Wangheungsa Temple Site in Buyeo and that of Jeseoksa Temple Site and Mireuksa Temple Site in Iksan are defined clearly and significantly based on classification according to the center and outskirts of the capital rather than based on classification according to the inner and outer areas of the capital in terms of distance. Baekje developed and expanded the southern area of Buyeo for urban development in the late 6th century, which accompanied changes in the network of roads in this kingdom. Several investigation results showed that roads were divided in the grid form before the southern area development and in the radial form after the southern area development. In these circumstances, Jeongnimsa Temple Site was established next to the main street connecting the southern and northern areas in the southern central area of the capital in Buyeo. On the contrary, there is no remain that corresponds to Jeongnim Temple Site in the southern area of Archaeological Site in Wanggung-ri, Iksan. The absence of such remains in Iksan may have been affected by the situation where urban development, including construction of base temples, was not carried out in the southern area of the aforementioned site due to the discontinuance of transfer of the capital of the Baekje kingdom to this city in the middle. Previous excavation investigations reported that Archaeological Site in Wanggung-ri, Iksan was initially used for palace construction and converted to a site for temple construction. Based on the analytic results, this study found close connection between base temples and traffic routes in Baekje as well as patterns of changes in ancient capital. Furthermore, follow-up research will be conducted to examine the relationship between traffic routes and waterfront base temples such as Archaeological Site in Singeom-ri, Seocheon and Wollamsa Temple Site in Gangjin.