朱熹‘以人视物说’與洪大容‘以天视物说’比較硏究

Abstract

Zhanxuan was influenced by Zhuzi theory since childhood, but then he advocated a relatively and objective theory--Yitianshiwu(以天视物)，thus critically refuting the Shiwu(视物) theory of Zhuxi. Zhuxi can only view things from a human standpoint，but not view human from things standpoint.Zhanxuan not only views view things from a human standpoint,but also views human from things standpoint.Zhuxi's view is subjective, who believes "human is momentous and the things are insignificant." Zhanxuan's view is objective,who belives the two are without distinction or distinction from the heaven standpoint overstep the other two`s limitations. Zhanxuan criticized and replaced Zhuxi's hemispherical dome cosmology with spherical earth by the new way of the Yitianshiwu(以天视物) theory. In addition,he also critically refuting the cosmology of "the heaven move run automatically"and the values of "human is momentous and the things are insignificant." by Zhuxi ,and replaced them with the heliocentric theory and the concept of everyone being equal. Zhanxuan advocates relatively and objective theory--Yitianshiwu(以天视物),criticized the traditional theories by Zhuzi,such as geocentricism、China-centered approach、anthropocentrism. So he has built relatively and objective epistemology. The theory substantially covert the system of old philosophy, it form a new system of illuminative thought departure from Zhuzi theory.