朱熹 證驗說과 이전 證驗說 간의 비교 고찰

Abstract

This thesis discusses about the evolution of Zhuxi’s positivist theory. This theory is a methodology for verifying if your knowing is correct or not. The first part of my thesis discusses some correlative theories during the period that predates the advent of Zhuxi’s positivist theory, such as the theory of “Can-yan(compare and verify)”、“San-biao(three standard of measurement)”、“Fu-yan(corroborate)”、“Cha-yan(inspect)”、“Gui-yan(regarde the experiences as the important things)”、“Jian-wen(experiences)”. The above theories regarded vaguely the experiences as standards of judging right or wrong, but they failed to loosen the bonds of the sociopolitical theory ,so they did not become the truly epistemology. “Xing(doing)” and “Zheng-yan(verification)” did not become the important standards until after the debates in knowing and doing in the period from Song to Yuan. The second part of my thesis discusses Zhuxi examed the theory of Zheng-yan(verification)with the practical example about physical science. This part have mentioned three problems:1) “Armillary sphere” and the theory of Zheng-yan(verification); 2) “Xuanji-yuheng” and the theory of Zheng-yan(verification); 3) “Two opposite mirrors” and the theory of Zheng-yan(verification). Though “Yan(verification)” and “Xing(doing)” suggested by Zhuxi is only personal moral practice and scientific experiment, they are the standards of judging right or wrong in the theory of Zheng-yan(verification). Zhuxi have made many important questions (such as how to the criterion of truth) included in the category of Epistemology.,and therefore the theory of Zheng-yan(verification) can be thought of as the transition of “Shi-zheng( factual proof)”. Moreover, the theory of Zheng-yan(verification) has pushed old epistemology to a new stage.