‘혁명문학’의 새로운 가능성을 위한 시론 ― 趙樹理의「鍛鍊鍛鍊」과 「老定額」에 대한 독해를 중심으로

Abstract

Throughout the history of modern Chinese literature, theinfluences of Marxism Leninism and Mao Zedong thoughts wereabsolutely decisive. The whole field of literature was regulated bythose paradigms, so if some writer or literary work had gone off“the track”, then it was excluded from that field. As Hong Zichenghad correctly described, this phenomenon of unification is called as“yitihua(一體化).” In fact, this unification was not the accidental,but it had its own theoretical ground : scientific Marxism andhistorical materialism. According to these paradigms, human history is developed by thescientific necessity which is guaranteed by its scientific principlebased on Marxism. Besides, according to historical materialism, thecontradictions of human societies and histories will be sublated atthe last stage of ‘socialism.’ These structures of Marxian paradigmhad constructed the critical paradigm on the literary work, even until today, those paradigms are being repeated. The writer Zhao Shuli, who was once called as “the incarnationof Mao Zedong literature thought,” was at the center of theliterature power field. Before 1949, Zhao was praised by left wingliterature critics, because Zhao seemed to faithfully representedMao Zedong thought which was based on the “scientific Marxismand historical materialism.” Zhao’s early writings expressed “thebright future” of socialism which was accepted as the completion ofhuman history. But after 1949, Zhao’s literary works had “gone off the track.” Inhis works Train your mind(鍛鍊鍛鍊) and Mr. Quota(老定額) hadbegan to focus on the collision between peasants and partybureaucrats. In these works, “scientific law of Marxism” had gonewrong by itself, and the vision of historical materialism, thesublation of contradictions had confronted very serious opponencybetween ‘the people(renmin).’This essay tried to take these collapse of scientific law andantagonistic relation among the peoples in Zhao’s work as the newpossibility and starting point of Revolutionary Literature. And thistrial also can be the fundamental re-examination on the ‘20thcentury Marxism’ itself.