베트남인 아버지의 성공과 미국인 남편의 실패: 레 리 헤이슬립의 자서전 하늘과 땅과 각색 영화 <하늘과 땅>의 차이로서 선불교의 독립과 평화실천관
Vietnamese Father's Success and American Husband's Failure: Zen Buddhist View of Independence and Peace Practice as a Difference between Le Ly Hayslip's Autobiography Heaven and Earth and Its Adapted Film Heaven and Earth
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This study proposes a strategic model to transform the May 18 National Democratic Cemetery into a storytelling-based cultural park using a consumer-constructed narrative marketing framework. Unlike traditional national cemeteries centered on state-led rituals and hierarchical structures, this site invites a new paradigm—one that enables visitors to engage with history through personalized, emotionally immersive narratives. Drawing on narrative theories by Woodside, Escalas, and Hirschman, the study introduces a four-stage model—prequel, imbalance, resolution, and storytelling—for guiding spatial design, visitor experience, and content development. This model emphasizes emotional engagement, self-reflection, and participatory storytelling, positioning visitors as co-creators of memory. The study critiques current spatial plans and the 2022 government report, highlighting weaknesses in affective content, participatory elements, and shared narrative infrastructure. In response, Model A is proposed, featuring emotional scene segmentation, interactive content zones, and digital memory-sharing platforms. The paper argues that cultural parkification should move beyond aesthetic or policy-driven changes to become a resonant storytelling space where citizens can co-author and transmit narratives of democracy, sacrifice, and community. This approach reframes the cemetery as an emotional ecosystem and living memory site, offering a conceptual and practical foundation for next-generation memorial design.
Abstract
Le Ly Hayslip’s autobiography, When Heaven and Earth Changed Places (1989), received commercial and critical acclaim for presenting diverse perspectives on the Vietnam War from a female viewpoint. In contrast, Oliver Stone’s film adaptation, Heaven and Earth (1993), failed both critically and commercially, prompting an examination of the differences between the textual and cinematic portrayals of the same narrative. This paper explores how the autobiography and the film emphasize different relationships—Hayslip’s Vietnamese father in the book versus her American husband in the film—and how these choices affect the representation of storytelling and meaning. The study introduces key trends in American Vietnam War films, situating Heaven and Earth within that context, and then analyzes the contrasting narrative structures of the two media. It focuses on how the autobiography draws on Hayslip’s Buddhist-inspired values, particularly resistance, independence, and peace, which stem from her father’s influence. The film’s failure, by contrast, lies in its overreliance on melodrama and narrative excess. Ultimately, the paper argues that Hayslip’s autobiography preserves a poetic sensibility grounded in Vietnamese Zen Buddhism, offering a powerful medium for communicating messages of peace and resilience. The comparison reveals how differing narrative emphases shape the story’s emotional and political impact, and how Buddhist ethics can serve as a poetic structure for global peace discourse.