향후 교회의 변화와 평신도의 역할
The Perspective on the Future Church and the Role of the Laity
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가톨릭교회의 현재 흐름과 미래 전망은 크게 보아 세 가지 방향으로 움직여간다. 남반부 지역에서의 신자 수의 증가는 가톨릭교회를 세계 교회의 형태로 변하게 했다. 성직자는 감소하는 데 반해 교회 안의 평신도 역할은 점점 증가하고 있다. 그리고 가톨릭교회는 세속 자본주의의 영향을 받아, 제도로서의 교회 안에 자본주의 논리가 점점 내재화되고 있다. 21세기의 출발과 더불어 교회 안에 평신도의 역할은 전방위적으로 확산되고 있다. 평신도 선교사들은 각 대륙으로 파견되고 있고, 평신도 교회 직무자들의 역할도 강화되고 있다. 제2차 바티칸 공의회 이후의 다양한 교회 운동들은 교회 안에 평신도를 위한 공간을 더 확장시켰다. 평신도 사도직, 보편 사제직, 신자들의 신앙 감각, 대중 신심 등에 대한 새로운 신학적 이해는 교회 안의 평신도 역할에 대한 새로운 비전을 제시했다. 또한 교회 쇄신에 있어서 평신도의 역할 역시 중요해졌다. 교회 쇄신을 위해 가톨릭 정체성에 대한 새로운 상상력이 요청된다. 교회 공동체 문화에 대한 비판적 성찰과 교회 안에 대안적 문화의 형성을 위한 노력이 필요하다. 또한 평신도들 역시 교회의 통치행위에 참여할 수 있어야 한다.
Abstract
The aim of this article is to survey the most important currents shaping the Catholic Church today, and to observe the role of the laity that is expanding in the future church during the rest of the twenty-first century. The distinctive features of the current Catholic Church are global Catholicism, which means the growth of Catholicism across the global South since the late twentieth century; the decline of clergy and at the same time expanding lay roles; and the capitalization of the church, in which the church has bent to capitalism and economic power so that its own practices and beliefs become shaped by the corporate form and spirit, in other words, in which the church internalizes the ideologies and practices of for-profit firms while those same firms increasingly utilize religious symbols, stories, and meaning structures in pursuit of corporate advantage. Expanding lay roles at the outset of the twenty-first century are so ubiquitous. Lay missionaries are scattered to the four corners of the earth. Lay ecclesial ministers are leading parishes, catechizing, preparing people for the sacraments, and guiding people in worship, especially in US Catholic Church. Ecclesial movements in the postconciliar period are forming highly motivated corps of laity serving the Church and the world. The expanding lay roles are not merely a matter of returning to the early church models, but a result of the intersection of historical forces, which means priest shortages, ecclesial movements since Vatican II, a need for lay ecclesial ministers, and new theological understandings. The theological backgrounds of expanding lay roles, which envision a new leading role for the learning Church, are the notion of the apostolate of the laity, the common priesthood, the sense of the faithful, and popular piety. What roles do lay people perform for the Church renewal? they need a new imagination of Catholic identity, a critical reflection on the culture of the Church community and a building of an alternative culture, and the participation of lay people in the Church governance.
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