밀교에 있어 ‘卽’의 의미 고찰 - 즉신성불(卽身成佛) 사상을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This paper aims to explore the meaning of the concept of ‘卽’ (jeuk) in Esoteric Buddhism and delve into the essence of the doctrine of Sokushin Jobutsu (卽身成佛). The primary research method involves analyzing Tang Dynasty Chinese texts and the works of Kūkai (774-835) to understand how the concept of ‘卽’ functions and its philosophical implications. In Esoteric Buddhism, ‘卽’ largely denotes immediate or instantaneous enlightenment, implying that practitioners can attain Buddhahood directly through their current physical body. This doctrine is grounded in the idea of non-duality (不二), emphasizing that phenomena and essence, sentient beings and Buddha, are fundamentally not different. Rather than advocating for gradual cultivation or future enlightenment, Esoteric Buddhism stresses the potential to attain Buddhahood in one’s present form. This practical message, focusing on achieving enlightenment through body and mind reflection in everyday life, can offer valuable direction for modern individuals in their pursuit of personal growth and inner awakening. Additionally, this concept may be meaningfully applied to fields such as psychology and spiritual studies, suggesting that it can contribute to resolving modern social and psychological issues. Especially in today’s fast-paced world, where people seek quicker and more efficient methods, the doctrine of Sokushin Jobutsu offers a practical message that enlightenment can be attained through one’s current body and mind. This serves as a guide for inner growth, spiritual exploration, and psychological well-being, reaffirming that Esoteric Buddhist practice is directly linked to everyday life.