『장자』에서 ‘卽’의 의미 고찰 - 불교에서 ‘卽’의 의미와 비교하여 -

Abstract

This paper compares the concept of “ji (卽)” in the Zhuangzi with that in Buddhism. In Buddhism, “ji” in the phrase “form is emptiness (色卽是空)” directly reveals that all material phenomena are devoid of inherent, independent existence. In the Zhuangzi, “ji” appears in four different stories. In the first story, “ji” transcends the simplistic perspective of Confucianism, revealing the boundless nature of truth, aligning with Buddhism’s concept of emptiness. In the second story, “ji” signifies a transcendent state beyond relative concepts of “this” and “that,” echoing the Buddhist notion of the unity of form and emptiness. In the third story, “ji” warns against superficial understanding of situations, emphasizing the need for a deeper, non-dualistic perspective, aligning with the Buddhist view of the interdependence of all things. Finally, the fourth story highlights the futility of external formalities and the importance of a deeper, internal understanding, which is in line with the Buddhist emphasis on inner cultivation. Thus, this paper provides a comparative analysis of “ji” in the Zhuangzi and Buddhism, revealing the shared understanding of the transcendent interdependence of all things. This analysis offers insights into the philosophical depths of both traditions and their relevance to contemporary thought.