영어 공손의 거리: 근접과 격원
Distance of Politeness in English Communication : Proximating and Distancing
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Abstract
This study is to explain politeness as a creative property which emerges from interactive linguistic communication.Politeness is not inherent in linguistic expression but in talk, and emerges through interaction of the co-participants. In order to explain emergence of politeness, we are required to assume an improved concept of politeness which is based on the contradictory concepts of 'independence' and 'sharing', and the co-constituting model of communication.Independence and sharing between interactants is realized as 'proximating' and 'distancing' which, in turn, is visible for distance in linguistic expressions. The speaker's proximal attitudes imply both intimacy and aggression of independence, while his or her distal attitudes respect of independence and avoidance of sharing at the same time. The contradictoriness of the concepts constitutes a dialectics and bring about changes through conflicts, which can explain human creative language use, variability of politeness, and the dynamics of social reality concerned with politeness. The interactants assess politeness of speakers by the distance which his or her utterances indicate. Correspondence between the speaker's expressed and hearer's expected distance is evaluated 'polite', while a big disparity between them 'impolite'.Distance in linguistic expression is determined by three factors, P(hierarchical distance), D(horizontal distance), and R(weight of imposition). All of them constitute politeness distance, while two of them, P and D are projected into deferential distance. Therefore, the Korean English speakers should understand English deference or politeness in terms of distance, since their cognitive faculty is structured by Korean grammatical structure with deference system..
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