Simulation-Based Approach to 10-Minute Satisfaction City Policies: A Case Study with‘Cities:Skylines’
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(Background and Purpose) In the downtown area of Incheon, residential satisfaction is deteriorating and various urban problems are occurring due to the regional gap with the new downtown area. Accordingly, Incheon City is promoting a '10-minute satisfaction city' policy that allows access to convenience facilities within 10 minutes on foot and bicycle. However, empirical review on how to apply the policy to actual urban space and on the criteria for deploying facilities is insufficient. In this process, simulation can be used as an efficient experimental tool that can provide a basis for insufficient policy effects. Therefore, this study aims to examine the possibility that the combination of the core elements of the '10-minute satisfaction city' policy with a simulation game as an experimental tool can have a significant effect on city indicators and use them in the early stages of urban policy. (Method) The study area was set as the Geumsong Redevelopment District in Dong-gu, Incheon. The simulation was conducted using the urban simulation game Cities: Skylines, with customized maps and mods applied to replicate the district's terrain and urban structure. A total of 32 scenarios were constructed by replacing five park and school sites with various combinations of public facilities, varying the number (0 to 5) and location of these facilities. Urban indicators such as resident satisfaction, land value, demographic composition, and traffic congestion were measured and compared across scenarios. Correlation analyses and statistical tests were performed to examine the significance of the observed effects and validate the research hypotheses. (Results) The simulation revealed no correlation between the number of green spaces and their utilization rates. Interestingly, as the distance between public facilities and residential areas increased, both resident satisfaction and land prices tended to rise. An increase in the number of public facilities was associated with higher levels of traffic congestion. The presence of schools influenced the proportion of younger residents but did not significantly affect land prices or the degree of population aging. Additional analyses indicated that neither school presence nor distance to public facilities significantly impacted land prices. Overall, while the urban indicators showed statistically significant effects on total population, their influence was found to be limited. (Conclusions) This study demonstrated that simulation games can be used as experimental tools to predict and compare the effects of spatial strategies at the beginning of policy establishment beyond simple visualization tools. In particular, the City: Skyline can be a useful tool for reviewing scenarios by policy combination in urban planning as it can implement spatio-temporal changes and interactions between elements in real time. This study presented the possibility of academic and practical use of game-based simulation through actual Incheon area-based policy experiments.
Abstract
(Background and Purpose) In the downtown area of Incheon, residential satisfaction is deteriorating and various urban problems are occurring due to the regional gap with the new downtown area. Accordingly, Incheon City is promoting a '10-minute satisfaction city' policy that allows access to convenience facilities within 10 minutes on foot and bicycle. However, empirical review on how to apply the policy to actual urban space and on the criteria for deploying facilities is insufficient. In this process, simulation can be used as an efficient experimental tool that can provide a basis for insufficient policy effects. Therefore, this study aims to examine the possibility that the combination of the core elements of the '10-minute satisfaction city' policy with a simulation game as an experimental tool can have a significant effect on city indicators and use them in the early stages of urban policy. (Method) The study area was set as the Geumsong Redevelopment District in Dong-gu, Incheon. The simulation was conducted using the urban simulation game Cities: Skylines, with customized maps and mods applied to replicate the district's terrain and urban structure. A total of 32 scenarios were constructed by replacing five park and school sites with various combinations of public facilities, varying the number (0 to 5) and location of these facilities. Urban indicators such as resident satisfaction, land value, demographic composition, and traffic congestion were measured and compared across scenarios. Correlation analyses and statistical tests were performed to examine the significance of the observed effects and validate the research hypotheses. (Results) The simulation revealed no correlation between the number of green spaces and their utilization rates. Interestingly, as the distance between public facilities and residential areas increased, both resident satisfaction and land prices tended to rise. An increase in the number of public facilities was associated with higher levels of traffic congestion. The presence of schools influenced the proportion of younger residents but did not significantly affect land prices or the degree of population aging. Additional analyses indicated that neither school presence nor distance to public facilities significantly impacted land prices. Overall, while the urban indicators showed statistically significant effects on total population, their influence was found to be limited. (Conclusions) This study demonstrated that simulation games can be used as experimental tools to predict and compare the effects of spatial strategies at the beginning of policy establishment beyond simple visualization tools. In particular, the City: Skyline can be a useful tool for reviewing scenarios by policy combination in urban planning as it can implement spatio-temporal changes and interactions between elements in real time. This study presented the possibility of academic and practical use of game-based simulation through actual Incheon area-based policy experiments.