중서부태평양 한국 다랑어 선망어업의 조업 특성
Characteristics of the Korean tuna purse seine fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean
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중서부태평양의 한국 다랑어선망어업의 조업 특성으로는, 첫째, 어장은 중서부태평양의 솔로몬, 파푸아뉴기니, 마이크로네시아 해역 및 공해수역으로 130oE-180o 사이였다. 중심어장은 엘니뇨시에는 180o 부근에 형성되었고 라니냐시에는 150o-160oE 부근에서 형성되었다. 다른 나라 다랑어선망어업과 비교할 때, 한국 다랑어선망어업은 부상군 조업의 비율이 높은 반면, 같은 해역의 일본, 미국, 대만 등은 유목군 조업이 50% 이상 되는 것으로 나타났다. 유목군과 부상군의 단위노력당어획량(CPUE)은 일반적으로는 유목군이 높게 나타났으나 종조성에 있어서 부상군이 황다랑어의 비율이 높았고 체장조성에 있어서 중형 황다랑어의 비율이 미국과 일본에 비해 높게 나타났다. 하루중 투망횟수와 CPUE는 오전 7시 이전의 유목군조업에서 높았으며 오전 7시부터 오후 3시까지는 거의 변화가 없이 일정하였고 CPUE는 오후 3시 이후 그리고 투망횟수는 오후 5시 이후 급격히 감소하였다. 투망당 어획물의 종조성을 보면 가다랑어 단일군이 가장 빈번하게 어획되었고 다음이 황다랑어 단일군, 혼합군 순이었으나 CPUE는 혼합군이 가장 높았다.
Abstract
This paper summarizes characteristics of the Korean tuna purse seine fishery in the Western and Central Pacific Ocean (WCPO). Major fishing area for the Korean tuna purse seine fleet consisted of the waters of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea and Solomon Islands and adjacent high seas between 130oE-180o. The center of the Korean tuna fishing ground was in the vicinity of 180o during the El-Ňino event but was formed in 150o-160oE during the La-Ňina event. As compared with other major purse seine fleets in WCPO, the Korean fleet set more on unassociated schools of tuna, while Japan, USA and Chinese-Taipei fleets accounted for more than 50% of sets on log-associated schools. In general, CPUEs for log-associated schools were higher than those for unassociated schools and catch composition showed that yellowfin ratio was higher in unassociated shools than log-associated schools. Length frequency represented higher percentage of mid-sized yellowfin than Japanese and USA fleets. Daily set numbers and CPUE were high before 7 am and remained almost constant from 7 am to 3 pm but decreased rapidly after 3 pm and 5 pm, respectively. Catch compostion per set indicated that pure skipjack school was caught most frequently, followed by mixed school and pure yellowfin school as the least, but CPUE was highest for the mixed school.
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