태평양 수역 우리나라 다랑어선망어업의 조업 특성 및 해양환경에 따른 어장 변동
Changes in fishing characteristics and distributions of Korean tuna purse seine fishery by oceanographic conditions in the Pacific Ocean
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중서부태평양수산위원회 (WCPFC)의 열대 다랑어에 관한 보존관리조치는 열대 다랑어 자원의 보존 및 관리를 위한 명목으로 중서부태평양의 주요어업, 특히 선망어업의 선단 규모와 조업 활동을 제한하고 있다. 본 조치는 2005년 처음으로 채택된 이래 현재까지 여러 차례의 개정을 통해 더욱 강화되었으나 아직까지 자원 회복의 명확한 효과가 나타나지 않고 있다. 이에 따라 더욱 강화된 조치가 시행될 예정이며 대부분이 원양 조업국의 조업 활동에 불리한 내용을 포함하고 있다. 따라서 본 조치가 우리나라 선단에 미치는 영향을 확인하여 향후 강화될 조치에 대응하기 위한 방안 마련 시 우리나라 선단의 조업 특성을 충분히 고려해야 한다. 선망어업에 대한 주요 조치는 FAD 조업 제한과 공해 수역 조업 제한이다. FAD 조업 제한 조치는 FAD 조업의 어획 노력을 제한하기 위하여 FAD 금어기와 FAD 조업 횟수 제한을 설정하고 있다. 또한 조업 비중이 높은 포켓공해 수역에서의 조업을 금지하고 공해 상 조업 횟수를 제한하였다. 현재까지 보존관리조치의 이행이 우리나라 선망어업에 미친 영향을 분석한 결과, 우리나라 선망선단은 다른 주요 선망 조업국들에 비해 어획량과 조업 횟수 등에서 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. 이는 우리나라 다랑어 선망선단이 부상군 조업을 중심으로 이루어지고 있기 때문으로 보인다. 따라서 관련 조치의 강화에 대비하여 우리나라 선망선단의 부상군 조업 성공률을 높이기 위한 다각도의 노력이 필요하다.
Abstract
Fishing characteristics of Korean tuna purse seine fishery in the Pacific Ocean were investigated using logbook data compiled from captain onboard and the statistical data from 1980 to 2014. Changes in fishing ground and correlation between marine environmental factors and fishing patterns were investigated using Oceanographic index. The proportion of unassociated set was higher than that of associated set. The catch proportion of yellowfin was higher in the unassociated set, while that of skipjack and bigeye was higher in the associated set. Due to vessels, fishing gears and Korean captains’ high-level of skills in fishing technology optimized for the unassociated set and preference of large fishes, especially large yellowfin tuna, it showed unique fishing characteristics focusing on the unassociated set. As for fishing distributions of Korean tuna purse seine fishery and impacts of oceanographic conditions on the fishery, the main fishing ground was concentrated on the area of 5°N~10°S, 140°E~180° through the decades. When stronger El-nino occurred, the range of fishing ground tended to expand and main fishing ground moved to the eastern part of western and central Pacific Ocean. During this season, yellowfin tuna had high CPUE and catch proportion of yellowfin tuna in the eastern part also increased. As for the proportion of fishing effort by set type, proportion of log associated set was high during El-nino season while that of FAD associated set was high during La-nina season.
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