태평양 수역 우리나라 다랑어선망어업의 선박 역량에 따른 조업 효율성 분석
Fishing efficiency by vessel capacity of Korean tuna purse seiners operating in the western and central Pacific Ocean
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초록
중서부태평양 수역 다랑어선망어업은 1980년대 이후 주요 원양선망조업국들의 적극적인 조업 참여를 통해 비약적인 발전을 이루었으며, 현재 전 세계 다랑어 총 어획량의 절반에 가까운 수준을 생산하고 있다. 조업 척수의 증가뿐만 아니라 개별 선박의 능력 강화는 선망선단의 조업 효율성을 증가시킴에 따라 어업이 자원에 미치는 영향에 대한 신뢰성 있는 평가를 위해서는 선박 능력에 대한 이해가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 다랑어선망어업의 조업 자료와 선박 정보에 대한 자료를 이용하여 선박 능력을 대표하는 요소들에 대한 조업 효율성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 선박 톤수가 클수록, 엔진 출력이 높을수록, 선령이 낮을수록, 전장이 클수록 조업 효율성이 높았다. 또한 조업형태별 분석 결과 모든 요소에서 유목군 조업이 부상군 조업보다 효율성이 높았으며, 부상군 조업의 경우 유목군 조업에 비해 엔진 출력과 선령에 의한 영향이 더욱 크게 나타났다
Abstract
Tuna purse seine fishery in the western and central Pacific Ocean (WCPO) has been rapidly developed since early 1980s due to massive investment of major distant water fishing nations, and catch by purse seine fishery operating in the WCPO accounts for nearly half of the world’s tuna total catch. As fishing efficiency is reflected by not only improving of individual vessel’s capacity but also increasing number of active vessel, it is essential to understand vessel capacity for reliable assessment result on how fishery affects stock status of target species. In this study, fishing efficiency was analyzed by main factors which are representative of vessel capacity using fishing data and vessel information related to Korean tuna purse seine fishery operating in the western and central Pacific Ocean from 1992 to 2014. It showed that fishing efficiency of vessel tends to be higher when having larger vessel tonnage, higher engine power, lower vessel age and larger length of vessel. As for fishing efficiency by set type, CPUE of associated set with floating objects was generally higher than that of free school set, and CPUE of free school set seemed to have a greater effect on engine power and vessel age compared to other factors.
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