甘山寺 彌勒菩薩立像 硏究 -着衣 表現을 中心으로

Abstract

The standing stone Maitreya Bodhisattva from Kamsan Temple wasconstructed in 719 A.D by a sixth ranking aristocrat Kim Jeesung of the UnifiedSilla Dynasty. This statue display strong foreign influence and have new motifsand characteristic forms that differ from eighth century Tang Buddhistsculptures and other Silla Buddhist sculptures. By looking at these specificdetails, this thesis discusses their origins and propagation process to Silla. Andalso discusses the cultural background of the appearance of its characteristicforms. The shoulder decoration, the extended cloth, the large knot in the scarfupon the chest(絡腋) and the U-shaped fold in the lower scarf of the MaitreyaBodhisattva, are all new forms, that rarely appear in the contemporaryBuddhist sculptures of East Asia. The most conspicuous characteristic of theMaitreya from Kamsan Temple lies in its shoulder decoration and the largeknot in the scarf upon the chest. The shoulder decoration which seems to havetravelled from Bamiyan to Khotan located in the southern route of the WesternRegions, eventually arriving in Tang China. The large knot in the scarf uponthe chest also is a characteristic of the Kizil Caves in the northern route of theWestern Regions. And the U-shaped fold in the lower scarf also is presumed toconnected with Western Regions. In short, three details and forms are all originated from Western Regions,and were very popularized in the Dunhuang Mogao Grottos from the latterpart of the eighth century. But It is impossible to presume that these characteristicsare directly came to Silla from Dunhuang, because the appearance of these characteristics in Silla occurred earlier than Dunhuang in China. So we canguess that the introduction of above-mentioned characteristics of the Maitreyafrom Kamsan Temple came from central area of Tang Dynasty. This fact showsthat the acceptance of Tang culture in Silla had been very quickly. In theprocess of the acceptance of Tang culture, the envoys to the Tang Dynastyplay important roles. Kim Jeesung who made the standing stone MaitreyaBodhisattva, as the envoy of Silla had been dispatched to the Tang Dynasty in705. Therefore it is presumed that the characteristic forms of MaitreyaBodhisattva in Kamsan Temple reflect the international characteristic of Sillaculture.