조선시대 사람 볼기뼈에 대한 DSP2 프로그램을 활용한 성별추정 평가
Evaluation through the Use of DSP2 Program for Sex Estimation by Measuring Human Hip Bones in a Joseon Dynasty Bone Collection
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초록
사람뼈는 키, 성별, 나이, 인종 등에 대한 정보를 제공하며 개인 식별을 가능하게 한다. 이 중 성별추정은 기본적이며 필수적인 일로서 육안적 비계측 성별추정은 전문가의 지식과 경험으로 대개 추정한다. 하지만, 경험이 부족한 신진 연구자 등은 성별추정에 혼란이나 실수가 발생할 수 있다. 따라서, 비전문가라도 객관적이고 일관되게 성별추정 결과를 쉽게 얻을 방법이 필요하다. 12개 인구 표본에서 2,000명 이상의 알려진 성별에 대한 자료를 기반으로 만든 확률적 성별추정 (Diagnosis Sexuelle probabiliste, DSP2) 프로그램은 10개의 볼기뼈 계측지표를 입력하면 성별추정이 되어 간단하고 객관적이다. 하지만, 아직 한국인에서 성별추정 (DSP2) 프로그램을 사용해 어느 정도 일치하는지는 잘 알려지지 않았다. 본 연구는 조선시대 사람 볼기뼈에 대해 DSP2 프로그램으로 성별추정을 했을 때, 전문가의 육안적 성별추정 결과와 얼마나 일치하는지를 비교하여 평가하고자 하였다. 먼저 전문 고병리 연구자 3인이맹검법으로 조선시대 사람뼈 컬렉션에서 보존상태가 온전한 15개체 (n=29)를 무작위로 선정하여 육안적 비계측 성별추정을 시행하였다. 15개의 개체에 대해 남자 9명, 여자 6명으로 모두 일치하는 성별추정 결과를 얻었다. 이 결과를 기준으로 계측한 계측계수들을 DSP2 프로그램에 입력하여 결정된 성별추정 결과를 평가하였다. DSP2 프로그램에 볼기뼈에서 계측한 10개의 계측지표 값을 모두 입력한 성별추정 결과는 86.2%, 권장되는 8개의 계측지표 값을 입력한 결과는 89.66%, 핵심 4개 계측지표 값을 입력한 결과는 85%였다. 부가적 4개 계측지표 값을 입력한 결과 29개볼기뼈에서 9개체만 성별추정 결과는 31.03% 로 성별추정 비율이 가장 낮았다. 10개의 계측지표를 사용했을 때와성별추정 결과를 비교했을 때, 권장되는 8개의 계측지표, 핵심 4개 계측지표, 부가적 4개 계측지표의 일치율은 각각86.2%, 80%, 31.03%로 산정되었다. DSP2 프로그램은 한국인 볼기뼈를 통한 성별추정에 10개 계측지표를 사용했을때, 높은 정확도를 보이는 프로그램으로 평가되었다. 하지만, 사용한 볼기뼈 개체수가 일반화 하기에는 충분하지 않으므로 향후 더 많은 개체수로 추가적인 연구를 진행한다면 DSP2 프로그램에 대한 더 정확한 평가가 가능할 것이다.
Abstract
Human bones provide plentiful information about height, sex, age, race and enable individual identification. Most of all, sex estimation is a basic and essential task and non-metric sex estimation is usually determined by professional experts. in case of Inexperienced young researchers, some mistakes may happen in determination of sex estimation. Therefore, there is a need for development of a method to determine sex estimation objectively and consistently even for students. The Diagnosis Sexuelle probabiliste (DSP2) program, which were developed based on more than 2,000 samples known sex from 12 population, is simple and objective method as it determines a sex estimation just by mesauring 10 parameters for hip bone. However, there has been no evaluation whether sex can be determined in Koreans by using DSP2) program yet. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether the DSP2 program can determine accurately the sex estimation comparing with the nonmetric sex estimation results in the hip bone of the Joseon Dynasty. First, three researchers determined gross, non-metric sex estimation of 15 people (n=29) randomly selected from Joseon Dynasty human bone collection as a blind test method. Sex estimation for 15 people were determined as 9 male and 6 female. Based on this result, the sex estimation result by DSP2 program was compared and evaluated the accuracy of sex estimation. When comparing the non-metric sex estimation results, the determination of sex estimation ratio of DSP2 for 10 parameter was 86.2%, for essential 8 parameter was 89.66%, for best 4 parameter was 85%, and for worst 4 parameter was 31.3% (n=9), which was lowest ratio among all 4 set of parameters. Comparing the sex estimation accuracy for 10 parameter with the set of essential 8, best 4, and worst 4 parameter in each, the sex estimation accuracy was calculated as 86.2%, 80%, 31.03%, respectively. DSP2 program for 10 parameter is revealed as and is also convenient for general user to estimate the sex. This will provide the meaningful basic data for sex estimation of hip bone in the Korean population. However, since the number of hip bones used is not sufficient for generalization, a more accurate evaluation of the DSP2 program will be possible if additional studies are performed with more large scale of samples in the future.
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