한국인 머리뼈 3차원 영상을 이용한 성별판별: 판별분석을 통한 계측학적 연구
Sex Determination Using Three-dimensional Image of Skull in Korean: Metric Study by Discriminant Function Analysis
2
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
신원확인이 필요한 백골화시신이 발견된 경우 성별판별은 가장 먼저 시행되는 과정으로 머리뼈는 성별판별에높은 정확도를 보이는 뼈들 중 하나이다. 한국인 머리뼈를 계측하여 계측값으로 성별을 비교한 연구는 있었으나 판별방정식을 제안한 연구는 없었다. 이 연구의 목적은 한국인 3차원 머리뼈 영상을 이용하여 누구나 사용하기 쉽고 정확한 판별방정식을 만들어 제공하는 것에 있다. 102구 시신의 CT 영상을 컴퓨터프로그램을 이용하여 3차원 재구성하고 계측템플릿을 작성하여 총 44개의 항목을계측하였고 항목들의 급내상관계수, 효과크기, 곡선아래영역값을 기준으로 정확도와 신뢰도가 높은 항목을 분류하여판별분석하였다. 정확도가 가장 높은 방정식을 사용한 경우 남자가 82.7%, 여자는 82.2% 정확하게 판별되었으며 방정식을 구성하는항목은 얼굴너비 (BiZ D), 머리뼈바닥길이 (Cb L), 귓바퀴사이너비 (BiA B), 위얼굴너비 (UpF B), 이마직선길이 (FC), 큰구멍너비 (FMa B), 그리고 오른쪽꼭지돌기길이 (Ma L, right)이었다. 한국인 3차원 재구성 머리뼈 영상을 이용한 성별판별분석의 교차유효값은 최소 76.5%에서 최대 86.7%이었다. 다른인구집단과의 머리뼈 계측값을 비교해 보면 일치하는 항목 대부분이 통계학적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며 남자의 경우 유럽인보다 크기가 작았고 여자의 경우 동양인보다 크기가 컸다. 이 연구의 결과는 한국인 머리뼈를 이용한 성별판별에 도움이 될 것이라 생각한다.
Abstract
Sex determination is considered the first and most important process in the identification of unknown skeletal remains. The skull is one of bones with high accuracy to discriminate sexes, but there is no dimorphic studies of Korean skull by discriminant function analysis. The aim of this study was to build and provide an easy and accurate discriminant equation to sex determination by using three-dimensional skull images of Korean. Computed tomography images from 102 cadavers were reconstructed three-dimensional images by computer program. We measured 44 variables using the template in computer program and variables were sorted out items with high accuracy and reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Cohen’s d value, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The equation with the highest accuracy had 82.7% in males, 82.2% in females, it was constituted bizygomatic diameter, cranial base length, biauricular breadth, upper facial breadth, frontal chord, foramen magnum breadth, and right mastoid length. The cross-validated accuracy had 76.5%~86.7% using 3D skull images in Koreans. The value of variables that matches the other population group study, most of variables had a statistically significant difference among population groups. Male skulls in Koreans were smaller than those in European and female skulls were bigger than in Asian. This result should be helpful to determine sex in Koreans.
참고문헌 (28)
- Kim DI., "Morphometrics of the hyoid bone for human sex determination from digital photographs", J Forensic Sci, 51, pp.979~984 (2006)
- Kim DI, "Sex determination from calcaneus in Korean using discriminant analysis", Forensic Sci Int, 228, pp.e177.1~e171.7 (2013)
- Thompson T., "Forensic Human Identification, An introduction", pp.199~226 (2007), CRC Press
- Byers SN, "Introduction to Forensic Anthropology, 4th ed", pp.151~165 (2011), Pearson
- Kim DI., "Sex determination using discriminant analysis of the medial and lateral condyles of the femur in Koreans", Forensic Sci Int, 233, pp.121~125 (2013)
- Han SH., "Craniometric study in modern Korean adults", Korean J Phys Anthropol, 8, pp.205~213 (1995)
- Kim HJ., "Differences in the metric dimensions of craniofacial structures with aging in Korean males and females", Korean J Phys Anthropol, 11, pp.197~212 (1998)
- White TD, "Folkens PA. The human bone manual", pp.385~387 (2005), Elsevier
- 김덕임, "현장에서 발굴된 백골시신의 뼈 구성에 대한 통계적 고찰", 대한체질인류학회지, 23(1), pp.1~8 (2010), 대한체질인류학회
- Kim DI., "Identification using frontal sinus by three-dimensional reconstruction from computed tomography", J Forensic Sci, 58, pp.5~12 (2013)
- Park SH, "A proposal for a new analysis of craniofacial morphology by 3-dimensional computed tomography", Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 129, pp.600.e23~600.e34 (2006)
- Standards for Data Collection from Human Skeletal Remains, "Buikstra JE.", Fayetteville, ~, pp.Arkansas Archaeological Survey Research Series No. 44 (1994)
- Lee UY., "Construction of 3 dimensional head models for forensic anthropology", Oral presentation 26. World Forensic Festival 2014, 133~ (2014)
- Swets JA, "Measuring the accuracy of diagnostic systems", Science, 240, pp.1285~1293 (1988)
- "Wikipedia. Effect size"[URL]
- Choi BY, "Sex discrimination with the metric measurements of the Korean dried pelvic bones by discriminant function analysis", Korean J Phys Anthropol, 12, pp.151~157 (1999)
- Ogawa Y., "Discriminant functions for sex estimation of modern Japanese skulls", J Forensic Leg Med, 20, pp.234~238 (2013)
- Perera P., "A Pilot study on assessment of racial affinity of Sri Lankan population using discriminant function statistics and a few established morphological racial traits", Leg Med, 11, pp.S182~S185 (2009)
- Lee UY., "Sex determination from the talus of Koreans by discriminant function analysis", J Forensic Sci, 57, pp.166~171 (2012)
- 박대균, "고리뼈를 이용한 한국인의 성별판별", 대한체질인류학회지, 22(3), pp.205~212 (2009), 대한체질인류학회
- 이제훈, "한국인 정강뼈를 이용한 성별판별", 대한체질인류학회지, 23(2), pp.61~66 (2010), 대한체질인류학회
- Lin C, "Sex determination from the mandibular ramus flexure of Koreans by discrimination function analysis using three-dimensional mandible models", Forensic Sci Int, 236, pp.191.e1~191.e6 (2014)
- Hu KS., "Physical anthropological characteristics and sex determinative analysis by the metric traits of Korean mandibles", Korean J Phys Anthrop, 13, pp.369~382 (2000)
- Franklin D, "Estimation of sex from cranial measurements in a Western Australian population", Forensic Sci Int, 229, pp.158.e1~158.e8 (2013)
- Guyomarc’h P, "Accuracy and reliability in sex determination from skulls: A comparison of Fordisc® 3.0and the discriminant function analysis", Forensic Sci Int, 208, pp.180.e1~180.e6 (2011)
- Saini V., "An osteometric study of northern Indian populations for sex dimorphism in craniofacial region", J Forensic Sci, 56, pp.700~705 (2011)
- Dayal MR., "An assessment of sex using the skull of black South Africans by discriminant function analysis", HOMO, 59, pp.209~221 (2008)
- Steyn M., "Sexual dimorphism in the crania and mandibles of South African whites", Forensic Sci Int, 98, pp.9~16 (1998)