試探‘似’類比擬句式的歷史演變及語法特徵

Abstract

Analogous sentences(比擬式) historically underwent a ‘sudden mutation’ in nature from the ZX-structure(ZX型結構) to the XZ-structure(XZ型結構). In this process, the scope of vehicles(喩體) positioned before　‘似(□4)’ was widened from single noun, initially, through adjective and verb, even to subject-predicate sentence and complex sentence which have become generalized nowadays. Actually, in the traditional ZX-structure the grammatical function of ‘似’　was limited only to predicate, while in the XZ-structure newly appeared around the 12-13th centuries its using scope had a tendency to be extended even to attribute and adverbial. Of those linguistic phenomena, Mongolian ‘sig(□)’ and ‘似’ show an aspect quite similar to each other syntactically in meaning, function and usage as well as phonetically in pronunciation. Upon comprehensive examination before now, it is appropriate to consider that the aforementioned structural change in the analogous sentences of Chinese language is the end result not of the evolution of Chinese itself, but of the process of Mogolian ‘sig’'s usage being borrowed to Chinese, through language contact between the two languages. In the same context, the DXZ-structure(DXZ型結構) also seems to have been the product of a reaction to exclude any influence of Mongolian like ‘sig’ and return to Chinese linguistic conventions.