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한국인의 연령별 정서 경험이 팬데믹으로 인한 영향에 미치는 효과

Effects of Age-Related Emotional Experiences on the Impact of the Pandemic among Koreans

고영건|민해원|오민호
인문사회과학연구소 (Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences, Pukyong National University)|2024.11|인문사회과학연구 (The Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences)|제67권 제4호|pp. 135-152|DOI 10.17939/hushss.2024.67.4.006

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참고문헌

키워드

Pandemic팬데믹부정정서긍정정서노화Negative EmotionPositive EmotionAgingEmotional Stability정서적 안정성
주제분류학제간연구

초록

본 연구의 목적은 한국 사회에서 연령의 증가에 따라 행복도가 감소함을 검증하고, 연령, 긍정정서와 코로나-19의 부정적인 영향 간 관계에서 부정정서의 조절효과를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 ‘국회미래연구원’에서 제공한 ‘2022년 한국인의 행복조사 연구’에 참여한 대한민국 성인 16,072명의 자료로 분석을 진행하였다. 첫째로, 연령별 정서 경험의 변화를 확인하고 이를 선행 연구에 참여한 미국인 2,804명의 결과와 비교하였다. 둘째로, 연령별(20-30대, 40-50대, 60대 이상) 집단을 나누어 코로나-19의 부정적인 영향과 긍정정서의 관계에서 부정정서의 조절 효과를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연령이 증가할수록 부정정서가 감소하여 행복도가 증가한 미국 선행 연구와 달리 한국 사회에서는 연령이 증가할수록 행복도가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 긍정정서와 코로나-19의 부정적인 영향 사이의 관계에서 부정정서의 조절 효과가 다른 연령대에 비해 60대 이상의 연령대에서 큰 것으로 나타났다. 특히, 60대 이상이고 부정정서가 높은 집단에서는 긍정정서가 상승해도 코로나-19의 부정적인 영향이 감소하지 않았다. 본 연구 결과는 현재 한국 사회에서 노화에 따라 정서적 안정성이 향상되지 않음을 시사하며, 동시에 팬데믹 상황에서 노인에게 부정정서의 영향력이 더 크게 나타남을 보여준다. 이는 초고령화 사회로 진입하는 시점에서 노인 정신건강 문제에 대한 추가적인 탐구와 사회정책적 개입의 확대가 필요함을 시사한다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to examine the decline in happiness and emotional stability with increasing age in South Korea and to analyze the moderating effect of negative emotions on the relationship between age, positive emotions, and the negative impact of COVID-19. In this study, data from the "2022 Korean Happiness Survey conducted by the National Assembly Futures Institute" was analyzed. First, changes in emotional experiences by age were examined and compared with the results of a prior study involving 2,804 Americans. Second, the moderating effect of negative emotions was analyzed across different age groups (20s-30s, 40s-50s, 60s and above) concerning the relationship between positive emotions and the negative impact of COVID-19. The findings of this study are as follows: First, unlike previous research in the U.S., which showed a decrease in negative emotions and an increase in happiness with age, happiness decreased with age in South Korea. Second, the moderating effect of negative emotions on the relationship between positive emotions and the negative impact of COVID-19 was more pronounced in the 60s and older age group, demonstrating that high levels of negative emotions in this age group diminish the potential mitigating effects of positive emotions on the adverse impacts of COVID-19. These results suggest that emotional stability does not improve with aging in current Korean society and that the influence of negative emotions is greater among the elderly in the context of the pandemic. This underscores the critical need for targeted mental health interventions and adaptive social policies to better support the elderly, particularly as South Korea enters an era of super-aging society.

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