WTO 및 주요국의 반덤핑 신규수출자재심사제도에 관한 연구
A Legal Study on the Anti-Dumping New Shipper Review System under WTO and Major Countries
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초록
WTO반덤핑협정에 따르면 반덤핑관세는 피해를 초래하는 덤핑을 상쇄하는데 필요한 기간 및 수준 내에서 부과되어야 하는데 신규수출자재심사는 원심 조사대상기간 내에 대상상품을 수입국으로 수출하지 아니한 생산자 또는 수출자에게 개별 덤핑마진을 산정 받을 수 있는 기회를 부여하며 적절한 경우 이들에 대해 개별 반덤핑관세율을 확정하여 주는 절차이다. 현행 WTO반덤핑협정은 신규수출자재심사에 적용 가능한 정의, 절차와 방법에 대하여 명확히 규정하지 않고 있다. 명백한 규칙의 부재는 조사기관으로 하여금 신규수출자재심사에 원심과 상당히 구분되는 규칙, 절차와 방법을 자의적으로 도입할 수 있도록 하여 피제소자에게 불공정한 부담을 지우고 있으며 이러한 상황은 법적 안정성과 모든 반덤핑조사에 필수적인 투명성을 손상한다. 각 회원국이 자의적으로 규칙, 절차와 방법을 도입하는 관행은 또한 인위적으로 덤핑마진을 부풀리며 덤핑을 상쇄시키는데 필요하지 아니한 반덤핑관세를 부과하는 것으로 이어진다. 반덤핑 신규수출자재심사제도의 개선방향과 관련하여 확실히 동 제도가 일부 수출자 또는 생산자들에 의해 반덤핑조치를 우회하기 위한 대안으로 악용되고 있음에 유의하여야 한다. 따라서 대표적인 수출 및 상세한 조사와 판정절차를 마련하는 것이 유익하다고 본다. 또한 신규수출자재심사의 성격상 신규수출자에 대해 원심의 기능을 하므로 원심과 관련된 절차규정을 동 재심사에도 적용하는 것이 우선적일 것이라고 생각된다. 이 밖에도 대표적인 수출의 개념 그리고 그 범위도 명확히 하여야 한다. 재심사의 기한은 중간재심사, 종료재심사에 비해 더 짧은 9개월이 적절하다고 생각된다.
Abstract
According to the WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement, anti-dumping duties shall be imposed during a certain period and at a level, necessary to countervail the dumping that caused material injury. The purpose of new shipper review is allow companies that did not export the subject product during the period of investigation the opportunity to be assessed their own dumping margins and thus their own duty rates. The current Anti-Dumping Agreement does not clearly articulate the concepts, procedures and methodologies applicable to new shipper reviews. The lack of explicit rules makes it possible for the authorities to arbitrarily introduce rules, procedures, and methodologies into these reviews that differ substantially from those in the original investigations and thereby place an undue burden on the respondent. This situation should be rectified to provide enhanced predictability as well as to ensure that the basic substantive provisions, methods and procedures are applied throughout the Anti-Dumping Agreement. The new shipper reviews system under the Anti-Dumping Agreement can be rectified to provide that new shipper reviews may be conducted in two phases. In the first phase the authority will examine the evidence presented by the exporter to show that it is(as already required by the article 9.5) "not related to any of the exporters or producers in the exporting country who are subject to the anti-dumping duties on the product." After confirming the accuracy of the evidence provided by the exporter, the proceeding goes to the second phase. In the second phase, the authority will gather information and calculate the individual margin of dumping for the new shipper. During this second phase, no duties shall be levied, although the authorities may withhold appraisement and/or request guarantees.
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