금리를 활용한 통화정책의 단기적 영향 분석
Analyzing the Short-Run Effects of Monetary Policy Using Interest Rates
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초록
본 연구는 중앙은행의 통화정책이 실질GDP와 물가에 단기적으로 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보았다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 전통적인 VAR 모형과 베이지안 VAR 모형을 사용하여 콜금리 변화 충격에 따른 실질GDP 증가율과 소비자물가 상승률의 충격반응함수를 구하였다. 이러한 충격반응함수의 결과, 콜금리 상승 충격에 대해 실질GDP 증가율 하락이 빠르게 나타났다. 그러나 물가상승률은 오히려 일정 기간 상승세가 지속되다 3분기가 지나서야 하락하는 등 물가안정에 시차가 존재하는 가격퍼즐 문제가 발생하였다. 가격퍼즐 문제 완화와 관련하여 본 연구는 국제유가와 환율 등 다른 거시경제변수를 추가하여 통제하는 방법, 모형의 시차를 확대하는 방법, 베이지안 VAR 모형에 당기제약으로 콜금리 변화에 대해 실질GDP 증가율과 소비자물가 상승률의 변화 방향을 제약하는 부호제약 방법을 사용하였다. 이 중 거시경제변수를 추가하는 방법은 가격퍼즐을 크게 개선하지 못하였으며, 시차와 베이지안 VAR 모형에 부호제약을 활용하는 방법이 상대적으로 유효하였다.
Abstract
We investigate the effects of the central bank's monetary policy on real GDP and prices. To analyze how changes in the call rate impact economic growth and inflation in Korea, we employ a range of vector autoregressive (VAR) models. Impulse response analysis indicates that a call rate increase would lead to a significant slowdown in Korea's economic growth. However, inflation experiences a temporary increase in response to a call rate increase, the price puzzle. To unravel the price puzzle, we control for other macroeconomic variables, experiment with more time lags associated with monetary policy changes, and employ a Bayesian VAR model coupled with sign restrictions. And we find that the sign restriction approach is the most effective in resolving the price puzzle.
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