오르한 파묵의 작품에 나타난 다문화적 요소

Abstract

Most communities these days claim to support and accept multiculturalism and the multicultural reality is one of the main public concern. However, the term "multiculturalism" is not just a term of simple interest but is a term related to many social, political, and philosophical discourses. Multiculturalism is no different from the concept of accepting and recognizing various forms of different cultures and surrounding cultures such as non-mainstream groups and minority groups. We are now at a level where we think that we must comprehensively perceive the necessity of recognizing and developing each native culture rather than integrating all diverse cultures into one. Samuel Huntington once claimed in his book The Clash of Civilization that the difference between each culture, religion, and custom would lead to war in the near future. However, his opinion was ignored by the multiculturalists and liberal globalist democrats as being racist and mono-cultural, and was criticized for taking a suppressive approach. The Turkish community considers itself a great advantage because various kinds of civilization are embedded in its community. This idea is based on the premise that one community can be formed only from the diversity within people. Thus, diversity is a necessary requirement to make a complete entity. In other words, since all human beings are all unique, diversity is an inevitable factor for someone to be perfect. In Turkey, the conflicts and coexistence between the Islam and Christian culture, and between the different races and people have been one of the biggest public concern after Turkey had started to westernize. However, as a country between the boundaries of two cultures, it is not easy for Turkey to seek for a reconciliation point between the two cultures. We took a look at multicultural factors presented within Orhan Pamuk’s literary works, whose literary ability has been globally recognized, in the aspect of conflicts and coexistence. This is no different from the fact that one Turkish intellect tried to evaluate multiculturalism and create and set the value of Turkey by finding their identity in their own culture. He tried to present the discourse appropriate for 21st century where people pursue the society of globalization, multiculturalism, reconciliation, and coexistence by dealing with cultural factors which are as abundant as the races in Turkey. In other words, perhaps by directly presenting the diversity and commonality of cultures in his works, Pamuk have tried to seek appropriate form of coexistence. It is uncertain whether multiculturalism would be an ideology that we should necessarily adapt to or would only remain to be a silent echo of the nonmainstream. However, it is clear that it would play a significant role as a concept that recognizes the universality of human being and cultural pluralism and its characteristics. The research on this field has to be more actively conducted since it is very meaningful for today's human beings in that it pursues aesthetics of coexistence that contains reconciliation and harmony as a macroscopic term.