과학관 놀이-학습 모형 개발
Development of a Play-Learning Model in Science Museum
0
조회
0
다운로드
5
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본 연구에서는 과학관 교육의 목적인 교육하기, 참여하기, 즐기기를 추구하고 인지적 영역과 정의적 영역의 학습 효과를 향상시키기 위해서 과학관 학습 모형을 개발하였다. 모형을 개발하기 위하여 기존의 박물관 교육 모형을 ‘요인 중심 박물관 교육 모형’과 ‘과정 중심 박물관 교육 모형’으로 구분하여 고찰하고 과학관 교육의 특성화 방법을 고찰하였다. 선행 연구에 근거하여 과학관 학습 모형에서 전시 물, 스캐폴딩과 소집단 내 상호작용, 놀이에 중점을 두었고, 개인적, 사회적, 물리적 요인을 포함하였으며, 각 요인들이 인지적, 정의적 영역에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 고려하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 과학관 학습 모형은 놀이에 중점을 두고 있는 점을 반영하여 ‘과학관 놀이-학습 모형’이라고 명명하였다. 이 모형은 ‘준비’, ‘전시물 탐색’, ‘체험’, ‘정리’의 교수⋅학습 단계를 중심축으로 양쪽에 학생과 교사의 활동이 나타난 형태이다. ‘준비’ 단계는 개인적, 물리적 요인을 고려하고, 학생은 관련 지식을 형성하며 놀이를 준비한다. ‘전시물 탐색’ 단계는 개인적, 사회적 요인을 고려하고, 전시물, 스캐폴딩과 소집단 내 상호작용, 놀이가 집약된 이 모형의 핵심 단계이다. 이 단계는 학생들이 공동의 문제를 해결하기 위해 전시물을 탐색하는 과정으로 이러한 활동을 묶는 수단이 놀이이다. 학생들은 소집단으로 활동 하며 상호작용을 통해 문제를 해결하고, 해결되지 않으면 교사의 도움을 받게 된다. ‘체험’과 ‘정리’ 단계는 개인적 요인을 고려한 것인데, ‘체험’ 단계에서는 ‘전시물 탐색’ 단계의 활동과 연계된 조작적 활동을 하고, ‘정리’ 단계에서는 놀이를 통해 학습 내용을 정리한다. 과학관 교육은 다양한 형태로 실행되므로 과학관 학습 모형에 대한 지속 적인 연구와 다양한 교육 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다.
Abstract
In this study, a science museum teaching-learning model was developed with emphasis on play. In order to do this, the models of factor-centered museum education and process-centered museum education were reviewed and characteristics of science museum education were considered. The model developed in this study is called ‘Play-Learning Model in Science Museum’, and ‘play’ is defined as activities to achieve the mission in accordance with methods and rules set by individuals or small groups including scaffolding and play is divided into competition, simulation, and chance. ‘Play-Learning Model in Science Museum’ emphasizes learning using the articles on exhibition, scaffolding and interaction in small groups, and play. The model consists of four steps: ‘Preparation’, ‘Exploring the exhibits’, ‘Experience’, and ‘Summary of learning content’. In the ‘Preparation’ step, the students form related knowledge and are ready to play. The ‘Exploring the exhibits’ step is the core step of this model, and entails the students solving problems in the mission by interacting with members of the small group. When they cannot find resolution, they get help. In the ‘Experience’ step, hands-on activities related to the prior step are included. In the ‘Summary of learning content’ step, the students summarize what they learned while playing. As science museum education is implemented in a variety of forms, continuous research about the science museum learning model and development of various programs are needed.
참고문헌 (66)
- Baek, R., "A theory and characters of museum education", Journal of Museum Studies, 2002(5), pp.141~159 (2002)
- Scaffolding children’s learning: Vygotsky and early childhood education, "Berk, L. E.", National Association for the Education of Young Children, ~, pp.NAEYC Research and Practice Series, 7 (1995)
- Blatchford, P., "Children’s attitudes to work at 11 years", Educational Studies, 18(1), pp.107~118 (1992)
- Borun, M., "Families are learning in science museums", Curator, 39(2), pp.123~138 (1996)
- Brush, T. A., "A summary of research exploring hard and soft scaffolding for teachers and students using a multimedia supported learning environment", The Journal of Interactive Online Learning, 1(2), pp.1~12 (2002)
- Cailois, R, "Play and man" (2003), Munye publisher
- Caswell, R., "Play for today" (2014), Eureka The National Children’s Museum
- Cheon, D., "Development of experience learning program of unit’Composition of Material’ of second-year science of middle school based on the genesis learning model: Focusing on the basic science museum of national Gwacheon science museum", Master, pp.2012
- Choi, J., "Korea museum pedagogy" (2010), Muneumsa
- Choi, M., "Understanding the guided tour by docents in terms of scaffolding in science museums", Master, pp.2013
- Cox-Petersen, A. M., "Investigation of guided school tours, student learning, and science reform recommendations at a museum of natural history", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40(2), pp.200~218 (2003)
- Diamond, J., "Playing and learning", ASTC Newsletter, 24(4), pp.2~6 (1996)
- Dunlosky, J., "Improving students’ learning with effective learning techniques : Promising directions from cognitive and educational psychology", Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 14(1), pp.4~58 (2013)
- Eshach, H., "Bridging in-school and out-of-school learning : Formal, non-formal, and informal education", Journal of Science Education and Technology, 16(2), pp.171~190 (2007)
- Falk, J. H., "Learning from museums" (2000), Altamira Press
- Friedman, A. J., "The evolution of the science museum", Physics Today, 63(10), pp.45~51 (2010)
- Flick, L. B., "Cognitive scaffolding that fosters scientific inquiry in middle level science", Journal of Science Teacher Education, 11(2), pp.109~129 (2000)
- Frost, J. L., "Children’s play and playgrounds" (1979), Allyn & Bacon
- Germann, P. J., "Development of the attitude toward science in school assessment and its use to investigate the relationship between science achievement and attitude toward science in school", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 25(8), pp.689~703 (1988)
- Greenhill, E. H., "Museum and education" (2007), Routledge
- 한문정, "과학관을 활용한 교수․학습에 대한 교사들의 인식과 교육 요구", 한국과학교육학회지, 30(8), pp.1060~1074 (2010), 한국과학교육학회
- Hein, G. E., "Learning in museum" (2002), Routledge
- Hein. H. S., "The museum in transit : A philosophical perspective" (2000), Smithsonian Institution Press
- Hill, J., "Teaching and learning in digital environments : The resurgence of resource-based learning", Educational Technology Research and Development, 49(3), pp.37~52 (2001)
- Hooper-Greenhill, E., "The educational role of the museum" (1999), Routledge
- Huizinga, J., "Homo Ludens" (2010), Yeonamseoga
- Hwang, J., "A case study on museum-kindergarten collaborative education: Development and application of a sustainable museum-aided teaching model", Master, pp.2008
- Jarvis, T., "Factors influencing elementary school children’s attitudes toward science before, during, and after a visit to the UK National Space Centre", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 42(1), pp.55~83 (2005)
- 전영석, "국립과천과학관 어린이탐구체험관의 전시물 특성과 관람객의 관람행동 유형 분석", 한국초등교육, 21(1), pp.105~116 (2010), 초등교육연구원[DOI]
- 강인애, "PBL에 의한 박물관 교육프로그램 개발 및 적용 - 경희대학교 자연사박물관의 사례연구 -", 조형교육, (34), pp.1~38 (2009), 한국조형교육학회
- 강인애, "전시연계 교육프로그램의 개발을 위한 학습이론으로서 ‘전시물 기반 학습(Object-based learning)’에 대한 사례연구", 조형교육, (33), pp.1~38 (2009), 한국조형교육학회
- Kang, Y., "Theoretical basis of experience learning", The Journal of Korea Open Education, 7(2), pp.5~18 (1999)
- Kim, C., "Understanding informal science learning" (2010), Bookshill
- 김찬종, "자연사 박물관 전시물의 학교 지구과학 교육과정 반영 정도와 전시 방법의 교육적 분석: 미국의 사례를 중심으로", 한국지구과학회지, 27(2), pp.130~139 (2006), 한국지구과학회
- Kim, D., "Analysis of natural history museums and applications as means of biological education", Master, pp.2009
- Kim, J., "A study on an efficient english class model in elementary school based on ZPD", Doctor, pp.2007
- Kim, K., "The characteristics of parent-child dyadic discourses in an informal learning setting: Focusing on the ZPD system", Journal of the Korean Association for Science Education, 27(9), pp.832~847 (2007)
- Kim, M. C., "Scaffolding problem solving in technology-enhanced learning environments(TELEs): Bridging research and theory with practice", Computer & Education, 56(2), pp.403~417 (2011)
- Kim, S., "Development and application of an aesthetic education model for museum education: Based on Lincoln Center Institute’s method", Master, pp.2013
- Kolb, D. A., "Learning style inventory, Version 3", pp.1999, Hay
- Korean students’ academic ability characteristics shown in TIMSS 2011 result, "Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation", ~, pp.ORM 2013-17 (2013)
- Lim, D. H., "Learner and instructional factors influencing learning outcomes within a blended learning environment", Educational Technology & Society, 12(4), pp.282~293 (2009)
- 이일, "국립과천과학관의 테슬라코일 전시물 설명판에 대한 관람객의 주목도 분석", 한국과학교육학회지, 32(1), pp.46~63 (2012), 한국과학교육학회
- 임지은, "전시물 관람률과 관람시간에 따른 과학관 관람 형태 분석- 국립과천과학관 기초 과학관을 중심으로 -", 교과교육학연구, 18(4), pp.1011~1032 (2014), 교과교육연구소
- Lee, M., "Development of an education program using natural history museums: Based on the’Evolution of life’ in science of high school", Master, pp.2011
- A study on the long-term development strategy for fostering Daegu National Science Museum, "Ministry of Education and Science Technology", ~, pp.Research Reports 2013-12-19 (2013)
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, "PISA 2006 science competencies for tomorrow’s world. Volume1: Analysis" (2007), OECD
- Orion, N., "Factors that influence learning during a scientific field trips in a natural environment", Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 31(10), pp.1097~1119 (1994)
- 박혜정, "과학관 전시체험관에 대한 관람자 행동유형 및 만족도에 대한 연구", 대한지구과학교육학회지, 6(3), pp.185~195 (2013), 대한지구과학교육학회
- Parten, M., "Social participation among children", Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 27, pp.243~269 (1932)
- Pearce, M. S., "Museums, objects and collections : A cultural study" (1992), Smithsonian Institution Press
- Pedretti, E., "T. Kuhn Meets T. Rex : Critical conversations and new directions in science centres and science museums", Studies in Science Education, 37(1), pp.1~41 (2002)
- Perry, D. L., "Designing exhibits that motivate", ASTC Newsletter, 20(1), pp.9~12 (1992)
- Piaget, J., "Play, dreams and imitation in childhood" (1962), Norton
- Pine, B. J., "Welcome to the experience economy", Harvard Business Review, 76(4), pp.97~105 (1998)
- Piscitelli, B., "Perspectives on object-centered learning in museums", pp.121~151 (2002), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
- Piscitelli, B., "Enhancing young children’s museum experiences : A manual for museum staff. QUT Museum Collaborative" (2003), Australian Research Council
- Rennie, L. J., "Learning science outside of school : Handbook of research on science education" (2007), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
- Shuh, J. H., "The educational role of the museum", pp.80~91 (2001), Routledge
- Smilansky, S., "Children’s play and learning: Perspectives and policy" (1990), Teachers College Press
- Sund, R. B., "Teaching science by inquiry in the secondary school" (1973), Charles E Merrill Publishing Company
- Vygotsky, L. S., "Mind in society : The development of higher psychological processes" (1978), Harvard University Press
- Wertsch, J., "Perspectives on object-centered learning", pp.113~120 (2002), Lawrence Erlbaum Associates
- William, S. R., "Dilemmas of discourse-oriented teaching in one middle school mathematics classroom", The Elementary School Journal, 97(1), pp.21~38 (1996)
- 양지연, "박물관 전시물의 개념 변화와 전시물 기반 학습의 적용", 미술교육논총, 20(2), pp.285~310 (2006), 한국미술교육학회
- Zana, B., "Seeing ourselves through their eyes: How do teachers regard science centers?", Proceedings of the European Network of Science centers and Museums Conference, Mechelen, Belgium (2006)
