Ursolic acid induced apoptosis in human osteosarcoma cell lines
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Ursolic acid is a polyphenolic component present in large amounts in apple peels. It possesses antioxidant, anti-fungal, and anti-inflammatory properties and inhibits the growth and metastasis of various cancer cells. However, studies on the effect of ursolic acid in osteosarcoma cells remain limited. Therefore, we investigated the role of ursolic acid-induced apoptosis and autophagy in HOS and U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Ursolic acid decreased cell survival and proliferation, and evidence of apoptosis, such as nuclear condensation and cleavage, was observed in both cell lines. Ursolic acid also significantly activated the expression of Atg5 and LC3B proteins involved in autophagy. The combination of 3-MA and ursolic acid, an autophagy inhibitor, significantly increased the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis. Therefore, ursolic acid effectively induced apoptosis and autopoiesis in osteosarcoma cells and was more effective when treated with an autopoiesis inhibitor.
Abstract
Ursolic acid is a polyphenolic component present in large amounts in apple peels. It possesses antioxidant, anti-fungal, and anti-inflammatory properties and inhibits the growth and metastasis of various cancer cells. However, studies on the effect of ursolic acid in osteosarcoma cells remain limited. Therefore, we investigated the role of ursolic acid-induced apoptosis and autophagy in HOS and U2OS osteosarcoma cells. Ursolic acid decreased cell survival and proliferation, and evidence of apoptosis, such as nuclear condensation and cleavage, was observed in both cell lines. Ursolic acid also significantly activated the expression of Atg5 and LC3B proteins involved in autophagy. The combination of 3-MA and ursolic acid, an autophagy inhibitor, significantly increased the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis. Therefore, ursolic acid effectively induced apoptosis and autopoiesis in osteosarcoma cells and was more effective when treated with an autopoiesis inhibitor.
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