대학에서 수행되는 거꾸로 학습에 대한 학습자 충성도에 관한 연구-학습동기, 학습참여, 만족도, 충성도 간의 구조적 관계를 중심으로
A Study of Loyalty to Flipped Learning Applied at College Courses -The Relationship among Learning Motivation, Learning Engagement, Satisfaction, and Loyalty
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초록
본 연구는 대학수업에 적용되어 활용되고 있는 플립드 러닝에 대한 대학생들의 학습동기, 학습참여, 만족도 등이 충성도에 미치는 영향을 탐색하기 위해 수행되었다. 본 연구에서는 온라인 강좌, 충성도 등과 관련된 선행연구에 기초하여 실용적 동기, 사회적 동기, 유희적 동기, 기능적 참여, 정서적 참여, 공감적 참여, 만족감을 선행변인, 그리고 충성도를 종속변인으로 설정하고 변인 간의 구조적인 관계를 탐색하였다. 본 연구에서는 구조화된 설문지를 연구도구로 사용하였으며, 플립드 러닝에 참여하고 있는 대학생 385명으로부터 자료를 수집하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 플립드 러닝에 참여하고 있는 대학생들의 충성도에 영향을 미치는 변인을 도출하고 각 변인 간의 구조적인 관계와 충성도에 미치는 영향력을 탐색하였다. 본 연구결과를 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구는 만족도가 충성도에 직접적으로 영향을 미치는 유일한 변인이라는 점을 실증적으로 제시하고 있다. 둘째, 본 연구는 대학생들이 인식하는 실용적 동기가 만족도와 기능적, 정서적 참여에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며 궁극적으로 충성도에 영향을 미친다는 점을 구조적으로 제시하고 있다. 셋째, 본 연구는 대학생들이 대학수업에 대한 사회적 동기나 유희적 동기보다는, 학점 취득에 유익한 지식 및 정보 습득, 시간 및 비용 절감 등과 같은 실용적 측면에 초점을 두고 있다는 점을 명확히 제시하고 있다. 이처럼, 본 연구를 통해, 대학에서 이루어지고 있는 플립드 러닝에 대한 실용적 동기, 사회적 동기에 의해 영향을 받는 만족도가 충성도에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인임을 파악할 수 있었다. 상기와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로, 본 연구에서는 대학교육현장에서 점차 보편적으로 활용되기 시작하고 있는 플립드 러닝의 효과적 활용에 대한 이론적, 실천적 시사점을 제시하였다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of learning motivation, learning engagement, satisfaction on students’ loyalty to ‘Flipped learning’ of the university. To examine the impact, this study investigated the variables that affect loyalty of the students participating in the ‘Flipped learning’ and explored the influence on the structural relations and loyalty among the variables. In this study, utilitarian motivation, social motivation, hedonic motivation, functional engagement, emotional engagement, communal engagement, and satisfaction were adopted as exogenous variables. Loyalty to ‘Flipped learning’ was adopted as a dependent variable. This study investigated impact variables related to loyalty to ‘Flipped learning’. We proposed an optimum model for the relationship between the variables. Data were collected from students who were taking ‘Flipped learning’ courses at the university. 385 students participated and the questionnaires were analyzed using the structural equation modeling method. Amos 22.0 was used for data analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, this study empirically suggests that satisfaction is the only variable directly affecting loyalty. Second, this study structurally suggests that utilitarian motivation has a positive effect on satisfaction, functional engagement and emotional engagement, and ultimately affects loyalty. Third, this study clearly suggests that college students focus on practical aspects such as acquiring expert knowledge and information beneficial to number of credits, time and cost reduction rather than social motivation or hedonic motivation for college classes. Likewise, we found that the satisfaction, which was influenced by utilitarian motivation and social motivation, is a major factor affecting loyalty. Based on the results, this study provided suggestions both for practice and theory regarding ‘Flipped learning’ in college courses.
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