구조조사 ‘地’의 사용 규칙에 관한 소고

Abstract

This study examined the rules for using adverbs and the structural particle ‘de’ in modern Chinese. The Chinese language belongs to an isolating language, so the sentence component and the role within a sentence are decided by word order and position within the sentence instead of morphological markers, and an adverb also gets its role through the position between subject and predicate. However, not every type of adverb acquires its qualification as an adverb just for its ‘position’. In this case, it requires the use of the structural particle ‘de’. Under the hypothesis in which there must be differences between a component that would become an adverb just for being placed in the position, and a component that would become an adverb by combining with ‘de’, this study observed some example sentences in children’s novels that could reflect the current language phenomena and the rules for using ‘de’ explained in existing research. This study verified the rules for using ‘de’ with the ‘distance’ between components. For example, an adjective(phrase) taking up a great part of adverb showed a semantically close/distant relationship with the predicate; a verb(phrase) showed the simultaneity in the section occupied by the action of adverb and predicate in the time axis; and a noun showed the aspect of adding other components shown in proportion to the semantic distance. In other words, the ‘distance between components in proportion to close/distant relationship’ that could be explained as iconicity, is shown through the use of ‘de’.