과학철학의 형이상학적 회귀
Natural Property, Objectivity, and Major Issues in Philosophy of Science that are metaphysicized
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초록
본 논문에서 필자는 영미 분석철학적 전통에서 과학철학의 주요 주제들이 어떻게 최근 20여 년 동안 언어분석 중심의 논의에서 형이상학 중심의 논의로 변천하게 되었는지를 추적한다. 필자는 과학철학의 핵심 문제가 결국 법칙, 입증, 설명의 문제라는 것을 논증한다. 다음으로 이들 문제에 대한 영미 과학철학 초창기의 주요 해결책들이 언어 분석적인 접근을 하고 있다는 것을 보이고 이런 접근들이 “외연적 실패의 문제”를 겪거나 아니면 “내포적 실패의 문제”를 겪게 된다는 것을 논증한다. 필자는 이 딜레마를 탈출하기 위한 가장 일반적인 해결책이 자연적 속성이라는 개념을 도입하는 것이라는 것과 이 해결책이 객관성에 대한 T. 사이더의 새로운 조망과 적절히 연결될 경우 내적으로 정합적인 해결책이 될 수 있다는 것을 논증한다.
Abstract
In this paper I examine a noticeable changes in philosophical debates which occurred during last 20 years in analytic philosophy of science. In particular, I examine the reason and the background of the reemergence of metaphysics and the wane of logical analysis of language in philosophy of science. I first argue that the three most important topics in the philosophy of science are laws of nature, confirmation and explanation. After that, I argue that the early solutions to these problems were mostly based on logical analyses of language and that these solutions had either “extensional failures” or “intensional failures.” I explain how the (re-)introduction of the notion of universals (or at least that of natural property) can help us concerning these problems. Lastly, I argue that the new metaphysical solutions can be satisfactorily combined with a new conception of objectivity which is proposed by T. Sider in his recent book.
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