시뮬레이션의 과학적 지위 - 시뮬레이션이 실험을 대신할 수 있는가? -
Scientific Status of Computer Simulations - Can Simulations Substitute Experimentation? -
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
컴퓨터 시뮬레이션은 대상의 아직 확인되지 않은 속성을 파악하는 탐구의효과적 도구로 인정받으며, 그럼으로써 근대과학의 핵심 방법론인 실험에 상응하는 과학적 지위를 지니는 것처럼 보인다. 본고는 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션이 실로 실험과 동 등한 인식적 가치를 지니는지를 검토함으로써 현재 사회에서 다양한 의사결정을 보 조하는 도구로 활용되는 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션의 과학적 지위를 평가한다. 이 검토는 특정한 실험을 그것을 모의하는 시뮬레이션으로 인식적 손실 없이 온전히 대체할 수 있을지 검토하는 방식으로 진행된다. 이 검토에서, 원자 구조에 관한 지식의 진 보를 가져온 러더포드의 알파입자 산란 실험은 그러한 대체가 불가능한 경우로, 반 면 전산유체역학의 현상들에 관해서는 대체가 가능한 것으로 평가된다. 본고는 후 자의 경우에 시뮬레이션이 견고한 이론들을 활용하는 추론의 속성을 지닌다는 것, 그럼에도 불구하고 그것이 타당한 실험이 제공하는 것과 동등한 인식적 소득을 산 출할 수 있음을 밝힌다.
Abstract
Computer simulations are effective tool in the quest for yet unidentified properties of the world, and as such, they seem to have a status equivalent to scientific experimentation, the core methodology of modern science. This paper discusses the epistemic status of computer simulations, which are utilized as tools to aid in a variety of decision-making in our society, by appraising whether computer simulations have the epistemic value of experiments. This appraisal proceeds by examining whether a set of simulations can replace the corresponding experiment without epistemic loss. Rutherford's α particle scattering experiment, which led to advances in our knowledge of atomic structure, is analyzed to be a case where such a substitution is not possible, while phenomena in computational fluid dynamics are estimated to be the cases where substitutions are practical. In the latter case, it is shown that simulation has the properties of inference that employs robust theories, and that it nevertheless yields epistemic gain equivalent to that provided by valid experiments.
참고문헌 (30)
- Barberousse, Anouk, "Computer simulations as experiments", Synthese, 169(3), pp.557~574 (2009)
- Beisbart, Claus, "How can computer simulations produce new knowledge?", European Journal for Philosophy of Science, 2, pp.395~434 (2012)
- Beisbart, Claus, "Why Monte Carlo simulations are inferences and not experiments", International Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 26(4), pp.403~422 (2012)
- Blackburn, Simon, "The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy" (2016), Oxford University Press
- Boge, Florian J., "Why computer simulations are not inferences, and in what sense they are experiments", European Journal for Philosophy of Science, 9(13) (2019)
- Durán, Juan M, "Computer Simulations and the Changing Face of Scientific Experimentation" (2013), Cambridge Scholars Publishing
- Feynman, Richard, "Simulating physics with computers", International Journal of Theoretical Physics, 21(6, pp.7) (1982), 467~488
- Galison, Peter, "The Disunity of Science: Boundaries, Contexts, and Power", pp.118~157 (1996), Stanford University Press
- Grim, Patrik, "How Simulations Fail", Synthese, 190, pp.2367~2390 (2013)
- Hacking, Ian, "표상하기와 개입하기: 자연과학철학의 입문적 주제들" (1983), 한울아카데미
- Hartmann, Stephan, "Enzyklopädie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie, Vol. 3", pp.807~809 (1995), Metzler
- Humphreys, Paul, "Patrick Suppes: Scientific Philosopher, Vol. 2", pp.103~124 (1994), Kluwer
- Janich, Peter, "Enzyklopädie Philosophie und Wissenschaftstheorie, Vol. 1", pp.621~622 (1980), Metzler
- Keller, Evelyn Fox, "The Philosophy of Scientific Experimentation", pp.198~215 (2003), University of Pittsburgh Press
- Massimi, Michela, "Computer simulations and experiments: The case of the Higgs boson", Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics, 51, pp.71~82 (2015)
- Morgan, Mary, "Morgan, Mary, The philosophy of scientific experimentation" (2003), University of Pittsburgh Press
- Morrison, Margaret, "Reconstructing Reality" (2015), Oxford University Press
- Oberkampf, W. L, "Verification and Validation in Scientific Computing" (2010), Cambridge University Press
- Parker, Wendy S., "Does matter really matter?: Computer simulations, experiments, and materiality", Synthese, 169(3), pp.483~496 (2009)
- Piccinini, Gualtiero, "Physical Computation : A Mechanistic Account" (2015), Oxford University Press
- Popper, Karl R., "The Logic of Scientific Discovery" (1959), Hutchinson & Co
- Radder, Hans, "The philosophy of scientific experimentation" (2003), University of Pittsburgh Press
- Rohlich, Fritz, "Computer Simulation in the Physical Sciences", PSA 1990:Proceedings of the Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association, pp.507~518 (1991)
- Roush, Sherrilyn, "The epistemic superiority of experiment to simulation", Synthese, 195, pp.4883~4906 (2018)
- "The Chemical Nature of the Alpha Particles from Radioactive Substances" (1908)[URL]
- Rutherford, Ernest, "The Scattering of α and β Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom", Philosophical Magazine, 92(4), pp.372~398 (1911)
- Versteeg, H. K, "유한체적법을 이용한 전산유체역학" (2015), 홍릉과학출판사
- Weisberg, Michael, "Simulation and Similarity: Using Models to Understand the World" (2013), Oxford University Press
- Winsberg, Eric, "Science in the Age of Computer Simulation" (2010), University of Chicago Press
- Winsberg, Eric, "Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy" (2019)