소비주의 비판과 대안적 쾌락주의-비자본주의적 주체성 구성을 위해
The Critique of Consumerism and Alternative Hedonism: For Constituting the Non-Capitalist Subjectivity
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우리의 일상은 수많은 소비 행위로 구성된다. 생산이 없는 소비가 있을 수 없 겠지만 겉으로 드러난 현대 자본주의의 특징을 소비 자본주의라고 부르는 것은 결코 과장이 아니다. 따라서 현실을 비판적으로 분석하기 위해서는 끝없는 소비 로 이루어진 자본주의적 삶에 의해서 ‘욕망하는 주체’로 구성된 우리들 자신의 삶의 조건에 대한 성찰이 요청된다. 여기에 덧붙여 이러한 삶의 양식에 의해 구 성된 주체들이 그 조건을 극복할 수 있느냐는 근본적인 질문을 던져야 한다. 탈 현대사상가들에 의해 비판받는 많은 ‘해방’이론들은 이러한 이론적 난제에 직면 해서 규범적으로 구성된 반사실적(counter-factual) 주체를 상정하거나, 지배적 이 데올로기로부터 자유로운 지식인에 의한 계몽전략을 추구했다. 전자의 관념론적 경향은 후자의 권위주의적 모델의 거울상에 다름 아니었다. 관념론적인 주체 구 성을 넘어서면서도 권위주의적 모델로 이끌리지 않기 위해서 현실 그 자체에 존 재하는 자본주의적 주체의 지속적인 분열과 탈구를 주목해야 한다. 본 논문은 지 속가능하지 못한 소비지향의 자본주의가 가져다주는 쾌락은 인간으로서, 그리고 자연의 일부분으로서 존재하는 동물적 존재로서의 인간의 필요를 충족시키지 못 한다고 주장한다. 그리고 이 간극 때문에 욕망하는 주체로 구성된 우리 스스로의 주체성은 항상 불안정하며 저항적 주체 구성의 가능성을 내포하고 있다고 주장한 다. 본문에서는 케이트 소퍼(Kate Soper)의 대안적 쾌락주의(alternative hedonism)개념을 통해 불안정한 주체성과 대안적 주체 구성의 가능성에 대해서 살펴보도록 하겠다.
Abstract
Our everyday life consists of diverse activities of consumption. Though it is impossible to think of consumption without production, it is not an exaggeration to call contemporary capitalism consumer capitalism. Thus, in order to critically analyze the existing system, we need to reflect the conditions of life that force us to be ‘consuming subject’ through competitive logic of market. Additionally, we have to raise a further question: Could we, who are constituted as consumerist subjects, overcome these social conditions? Many social theories that have sought to emancipate the people usually have presupposed either normatively constructed and counter-factual subject, or intellectuals free from dominant ideologies, which has been criticized by post-modern thinkers. The latter’s elitist character is a mirror image of the former’s idealism. To avoid both an idealist construction of alternative subjectivity and elitist model of social change, we must pay attention to cleavages and dislocations of capitalist and consumerist subjects themselves. This paper would argue that unsustainable and consumption-based capitalism fails to meet people’s needs as natural being embedded within the nature as the part of it. We are not happy with these kinds of consumption. The gap between consumersit pleasure and alternative pleasure makes capitalist subjectivity unstable and implies a possibility of construction of resistant subjectivity. For investigating this possibility, this paper employs Kate Soper’s conception of ‘alternative hedonism’.
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