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삼차-얼굴신경연결과 얼굴표정근육 운동의 해부학 및 기능적 고찰

Anatomical and Functional Consideration of the Trigemino-Facial Nervous Communication and Facial Expresssion Muscles

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주제분류해부학

초록

본 연구는 기존의 문헌고찰을 통해 삼차-얼굴신경 연결이 얼굴표정근육에 미치는 신경해부학 및 기능해부학적 관계를 고찰하기 위해 시행되었다. 삼차신경의 눈신경, 위턱신경 그리고 아래턱신경은 머리뼈의 해부학적 구조를 통해 얼굴 부위로 빠져나와 얼굴 피부와 근육에 분포하여 감각성분을 제공한다. 특히 눈신경의 눈확위신경(안쪽가지와 가쪽가지), 위턱신경의 눈확아래신경(아래눈꺼풀가지, 바깥코가지, 안쪽코가지, 가쪽위입술가지, 안쪽위입술가지) 그리고 아래턱신경의 턱끝신경(입꼬리가지, 가쪽아래입술가지, 안쪽아래입술가지, 턱끝가지)은 여러 가지를 내어 얼굴의 넓은 부위에 분포한다. 얼굴신경은 붓꼭지구멍을 빠져나와 다섯 개의 가지(관자가지, 광대가지, 볼가지, 턱모서리가지 및 목가지)로 나뉘어 얼굴표정근육에 분포한다. 삼차신경과 얼굴신경은 얼굴부위에서 연결을 이루어 ‘다른 뇌신경기원 신경연결’을 이룬다. 이러한 삼차-얼굴신경연결은 눈부위(눈확위신경과 관자가지), 광대부위(광대신경과 관자 및 광대가지), 아래눈확부위(눈확아래신경과 광대가지), 아래턱뒤부위(귓바퀴관자신경과 얼굴신경줄기), 볼부위(볼신경과 볼가지 및 광대가지) 그리고턱끝부위(턱끝신경과 볼가지 및 턱모서리가지)에서 관찰된다. 얼굴표정근육은 근막에 둘러싸이지 않은 채로 머리뼈와 피부를 바로 연결하여 정교한 얼굴표정을 나타낸다. 대뇌 피질에서 겉질뇌줄기로를 통해 얼굴신경운동핵으로 전해진 운동정보는 얼굴신경을 통해 얼굴표정근육으로 전해지고, 삼차신경을 통해 얻어진 얼굴부위의 고유감각은 삼차신경감각핵을 통해 시상을 거쳐 대뇌겉질 및소뇌로 전해지며, 이러한 정보는 얼굴신경이 얼굴표정근육을 정교하게 움직일 때 필요한 정보를 제공한다. 얼굴신경의 운동성분은 삼차-얼굴신경연결을 통해 삼차신경을 타고 얼굴표정근육에 전해지며, 얼굴신경이 분포하는곳에서 감각신경이 얻어져 삼차-얼굴신경연결을 통해 삼차신경으로 전달될 것으로 생각된다.

Abstract

The aim of the study is to examine the distribution and communications of the trigeminal nerve (TN)and facial nerve (FN) and considerate their relationship with the anatomy and function of the facial expression muscles (FEMs) by means of the literature study. The TN emerged on the face via various structures of the skull, and received sensation of the skin and muscles on the face. The FN supplied the motor components to the FEMs, as ramifying five branches after running through the stylohyoid foramen. The TN and FN constituted “nervous communication between heterogeneous cranial nerves” on the ocular (supraorbital nerve and temporal branch), zygomatic (zygomatic nerve and temporal/zygomatic branch), infraorbital (infraorbital nerve and zygomatic branch), retromandibular (auriculotemporal nerve and FN trunk), buccal (buccal nerve and buccal/zygomatic branch) and mental areas (mental nerve and buccal/marginal mandibular branch). The exquisite movement of the FEM which was controlled by the facial motor nucleus would be referred by the proprioception from the TN. The motor components from the FN could be delivered to the FEM via the TN as recruiting the heterogeneous nervous communications. The sensation from the FN also could be conveyed to the TN via the communication.

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