Analysis of effects of and potential improvements for vessel speed reduction program
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Air pollution has become an important challenge worldwide over the few decades owing to rapid urbanization and industri-alization. Among the various sources of measured emissions, the proportion of air pollutants from oceangoing vessels is increasing. In response, the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries introduced the Vessel Speed Reduction (VSR) program in December of 2019. In this study, we used actual operational records from a 4,600 TEU container vessel to calculate its total emissions on its journey from the Port of Busan to the Port of Tacoma in the US and then compared the emissions generated in four scenarios to determine the optimal operating conditions. Among air pollutants, emissions were calculated only for TSP, PM10, PM2.5, NMVOCs, and CO, which are typically related to the occurrence of fine dust. To simplify our analysis, operating records from the same conditions as the 4,600 TEU container ship were applied to the 10,000 TEU container vessel and 7,500 CEU Pure Car and Truck Carrier (PCTC) to calculate emissions. A bottom-up approach was adopted and air pollutant emissions from the operational scenarios compared according to the results of calculations. Optimal results were not obtained in all scenarios when the speed suggested by the VSR program was applied. This is because of a speed decrease in the maneuvering mode caused by a fixed operating time of 505.5 h, resulting in an increase in speed in the cruising mode. Based on these results, improvement measures are proposed to reduce air pollutant emissions from ships.
Abstract
Air pollution has become an important challenge worldwide over the few decades owing to rapid urbanization and industri-alization. Among the various sources of measured emissions, the proportion of air pollutants from oceangoing vessels is increasing. In response, the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries introduced the Vessel Speed Reduction (VSR) program in December of 2019. In this study, we used actual operational records from a 4,600 TEU container vessel to calculate its total emissions on its journey from the Port of Busan to the Port of Tacoma in the US and then compared the emissions generated in four scenarios to determine the optimal operating conditions. Among air pollutants, emissions were calculated only for TSP, PM10, PM2.5, NMVOCs, and CO, which are typically related to the occurrence of fine dust. To simplify our analysis, operating records from the same conditions as the 4,600 TEU container ship were applied to the 10,000 TEU container vessel and 7,500 CEU Pure Car and Truck Carrier (PCTC) to calculate emissions. A bottom-up approach was adopted and air pollutant emissions from the operational scenarios compared according to the results of calculations. Optimal results were not obtained in all scenarios when the speed suggested by the VSR program was applied. This is because of a speed decrease in the maneuvering mode caused by a fixed operating time of 505.5 h, resulting in an increase in speed in the cruising mode. Based on these results, improvement measures are proposed to reduce air pollutant emissions from ships.
참고문헌 (18)
- E. Gakidou, "Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016", The Lancet, 390(10100), pp.1345~1422 (2017)
- G. Oberdorster, "Nanotoxicology : An emerging discipline evolving from studies of ultrafine", Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(7), pp.823~837 (2005)
- National Institute of Environmental Research, "2014 National Air Pollutant Emission", pp.5~18 (2016)
- National Institute of Environmental Research, "2016 National Air Pollutant Emission", pp.5~19 (2019)
- 조정정, "선박에 기인한 대기오염물질 배출량 산정 연구 -광양항과 울산항을 중심으로", 한국항만경제학회지, 35(2), pp.93~108 (2019), 한국항만경제학회[DOI]
- 임종섭, "항만환경 규제에 따른 Green Port 구축방안", 한국항만경제학회지, 26(2), pp.99~118 (2010), 한국항만경제학회
- J. Cofala, "The potential for cost effective air emission reductions from international shipping through designation of further emission control areas in EU waters with focus on the mediterranean sea", International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, 3(33), pp.3~33 (2018)
- Korea Maritime & Ocean University (KMOU) Industry University Cooperation Foundation, "A Study on the Introduction and Operation of the Low Speed Operating Program of Ships" (2019), Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries
- S. C. Jo, "A Study on Air Pollutant Emission Characteristics of Ships by Vessel Speed Reduction", Master, Department of Mechanical Engineering, pp.2020
- Y. G. Son, "A Study on Improvement Measurement on the Management of Air Pollution Matter from Ships", Master, pp.2018
- National Institute of Environmental Research, "Calculation Method of Domestic and Offshore Ship Pollutant Emissions", pp.1~15 (2015)
- National Institute of Environmental Research, "Data Collection on the Calculation of Pollutant Emissions in Domestic ports", pp.1~24 (2016)
- 박우, "중국의 선박 배출통제구역 규제정책에 관한 연구", 통상법률, (145), pp.55~89 (2019), 법무부[DOI]
- K. H. Cho, "Author, Exhaust reduction technology and measurement of diesel engines for ships" (2012), Dasom Publisher
- EEA Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Guidebook 2016, "EMEP", pp.2016, C. Trozzi
- Eastern Research Group, "Recommended Procedures for Development of Emissions Factor and Use of Web-Fire Database" (2013), United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- Assessment and Standards Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, "Emission Inventories for Ocean-Going Vessels Using Category 3 Propulsion Engines In or Near the United States" (2007), United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- D. Cooper, "Methodology for Calculating Emissions from Ships: 1" (2004), Swedish Environmental Protection Agency