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Two Bites at a Rotten Apple: Reapplying for Asylum in the Republic of Korea

David Lee Mundy
한국법제연구원 (Korea Legislation Research Institute)|2024.05|Korea Legislation Research Institute Journal of Law and Legislation|제14권 제1호|pp. 245-279|DOI 10.22851/kjll.2024.14.1.006

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키워드

RefugeeImmigrationAsylumReapplicationMaterial Change in Circumstances
주제분류법학

초록

The Republic of Korea has no codified law addressing reapplication for asylum. A significant proportion of Korea’s asylum backlog consists of reapplications seeking a “second bite at the apple.” However, due to the opacity of the process, re-applicants are thrust into legal limbo and face potential detention. The government, meanwhile, contends that cynical reapplicants abuse the process in order to remain in Korea and receive benefits. Regardless, given the difficulties faced by re-applicants, as well as the backlog in the refugee determination system and the government’s limited resources, it is recommended that the Republic of Korea address this loophole. In 2020, the Korean Ministry of Justice proposed to limit reapplications absent a “material change” in circumstances. However, that term was not precisely defined, officers were given just fourteen days to review a reapplication, re-applicants could only submit documents and were given no avenue to appeal. This paper examines Korean law regarding reapplication, summarizes the Ministry’s proposed amendment, and compares that proposal to one possible model, the United States, which puts severe, yet humane restrictions on reapplications.

Abstract

The Republic of Korea has no codified law addressing reapplication for asylum. A significant proportion of Korea’s asylum backlog consists of reapplications seeking a “second bite at the apple.” However, due to the opacity of the process, re-applicants are thrust into legal limbo and face potential detention. The government, meanwhile, contends that cynical reapplicants abuse the process in order to remain in Korea and receive benefits. Regardless, given the difficulties faced by re-applicants, as well as the backlog in the refugee determination system and the government’s limited resources, it is recommended that the Republic of Korea address this loophole. In 2020, the Korean Ministry of Justice proposed to limit reapplications absent a “material change” in circumstances. However, that term was not precisely defined, officers were given just fourteen days to review a reapplication, re-applicants could only submit documents and were given no avenue to appeal. This paper examines Korean law regarding reapplication, summarizes the Ministry’s proposed amendment, and compares that proposal to one possible model, the United States, which puts severe, yet humane restrictions on reapplications.

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난민법 개정을 통한 사정변경 없는 난민재신청 제한의 필요성한종현, 황승종법학연구소 · 외법논집2018 · 제42권 제1호Determining Refugee Status for North Korean Escapees under International and Domestic Laws패트리샤게디동아시아학술원 · Sungkyun Journal of East Asian Studies2011 · 제10권 제2호Resettlement Under the Radar: A Study of Japanese Resettlement of North Korean Escapees앤드루 월만통일연구원 · International Journal of Korean Unification Studies2024 · 제33권 제1호한국의 난민정책: 「난민법」 제정 전과 후를 중심으로손다선한국이민행정학회 · 한국이민행정학회보2024 · 제3권 제1호African Refugee and Asylum Applicants in Korea: Current Status and ChallengesGHEBRUBETHELGHERIMA한국아프리카학회 · 한국아프리카 학회지2024 · 제72권 한국 난민제도의 임시성과 불협성: 제도 현장을 중심으로박서연다문화사회정책연구소 · 현대사회와 다문화2025 · 제15권 제3호

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