On the Embeddability of Fragmenting (and Gapping)
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This paper is an attempt to answer a simple question whether fragments (as well as gapping) can really not be embedded. This paper reports that embedding of fragments and gapping is not entirely impossible and the embeddability depends on the nature of the matrix predicate. To explain the embeddability, this paper assumes that non-bridge verbs take a recursive CP structure while bridge verbs take a simplex CP structure. With respect to non-bridge verbs, the lower NC2 which is the head category for the null complementizer is not able to incorporate with V because of the intervening higher NC1. With respect to bridge verbs, NC2 has no intervention so that its affixal status is satisfied by C to V raising in terms of PF-merger. Under this structure, the apparent obligatory that-omission in the embedded fragments (and gapping) is explained in purely structural terms. In addition, it can also be explained why so cannot be used as a pro-form for embedded fragments with non-bridge verbs.
Abstract
This paper is an attempt to answer a simple question whether fragments (as well as gapping) can really not be embedded. This paper reports that embedding of fragments and gapping is not entirely impossible and the embeddability depends on the nature of the matrix predicate. To explain the embeddability, this paper assumes that non-bridge verbs take a recursive CP structure while bridge verbs take a simplex CP structure. With respect to non-bridge verbs, the lower NC2 which is the head category for the null complementizer is not able to incorporate with V because of the intervening higher NC1. With respect to bridge verbs, NC2 has no intervention so that its affixal status is satisfied by C to V raising in terms of PF-merger. Under this structure, the apparent obligatory that-omission in the embedded fragments (and gapping) is explained in purely structural terms. In addition, it can also be explained why so cannot be used as a pro-form for embedded fragments with non-bridge verbs.
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