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중등교원 양성평등목표 전보제도와 학생 학업성취도

Gender-Conscious Teacher Transfer Policies and Student Academic Achievement

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주제분류사회과학일반

초록

· 연구 주제: 본 연구의 목적은 중·고등학생의 학업성취도에 대한 교원 성별 분포 효과를 추정하여 중등교원 양성평등목표 임용·전보제도의 실효성을 평가하는 것에 있다. · 연구 배경: 고등교육 양성평등 실현을 위하여 국·공립대학교 교원의 성별 구성에 관한 연도별 목표 비율이 2020년 대통령령으로 구체화됨에 따라서 초·중등교육에서도 남성 교사 확보를 위한 교원 양성평등 채용목표제의 필요성이 제기되었다. · 선행연구와의 차이점: 본 연구는 선행연구의 교원과 학생의 성별 일대일 조합이 아닌 학교 전체 여성 교원 비율이 학생의 학업성취도에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 한국의 교원 정기 순환근무 인사제도 특성을 활용하여 실증적으로 분석하였다. · 연구방법: 학교급과 유형별 교원 성별 분포 효과를 분석하기 위하여 중·고등학생의 국가수준 학업성취도 평가 국어, 수학, 영어 성적과 학교 전체 및 해당 과목별 여성 교원 비율의 상관관계를 가중회귀분석을 활용하여 추정하였다. · 연구결과: 학교 전체 여성 교원 비율은 남녀공학 중학생의 학업성취도와 양(+)의 상관관계를 보였으나 단성중학교나 고등학교 학생의 학업성취도와는 유의한 상관관계가 추정되지 않았다. 학생 학업성취도에 대하여 해당 과목별 여성 교원 비율은 학교급과 유형, 과목별 서로 다른 효과를 나타내었다. · 공헌점 및 기대효과: 본 연구의 분석결과는 현재 일부 시·도교육청에서 시행 중인 교원 양성평등목표 전보제도의 타당성에 대한 근거를 마련하고 교원의 임용과 전보에 있어서 학교급과 유형 및 담당 과목을 고려한 성별을 인사원칙으로 포함할 것을 제안한다.

Abstract

· Research topics: This study examines to what extent teacher gender composition affects student achievement in secondary schools. · Research background: The gender imbalance in the primary and secondary teaching profession has raised concerns about its possible reinforcement of gender stereotypes in schools. Such concerns have led to a public debate over gender-based affirmative action in the teacher hiring practices. · Differences from prior research: This study contributes to the literature on student-teacher gender match by estimating the effect of school-level teacher gender composition on students’ academic performance. · Research method: The role of teacher gender in students’ achievement is estimated through multiple regression analyses. Potential endogeneity problems are alleviated by using public school teacher transfer system designed to rotate teachers between schools at regular intervals. · Research results: The school-level proportion of female teachers is found positively correlated with test scores among coeducational middle school students but no significant correlation is observed for students attending coeducational high schools or single-sex schools. The effects of teacher gender composition are varying by subjects, school levels and types. · Contribution points and expected effects: The results support the validity of gender-conscious teacher transfer policies and suggest the consideration of subjects, school levels and types along with gender in the transfer criteria.

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