대한제국기 황실 조상묘 준경묘(濬慶墓)·영경묘(永慶墓) 제기(祭器)의 구성과 성격

Abstract

This article is a study on the ritual vessels used at the tombs of General Lee Yang-mu and his wife, who are the fifth-generation ancestors of King Taejo of the Joseon Dynasty, specifically at Jungeomyo and Yeonggyeongmyo. Focusing on the ritual vessels of these two tombs, the author examines the background and preparation process of their production and the methods of presenting the ritual vessels during the Cheongmyeongje through various historical records. Additionally, the author analyzes the existing artifacts currently housed in the Samcheok City Museum. The ritual vessels for Jungeomyo and Yeonggyeongmyo were created with political intentions during the Korean Empire era, elevating the two tombs in Samcheok to royal ancestor tombs and designating them with the names Jungeomyo and Yeonggyeongmyo while conducting official rites. Thus, these vessels can be considered the most historically distant among the ritual vessels intended for ancestral rites from the Joseon Dynasty to the Korean Empire in terms of the subjects of the rites (the fifth-generation ancestors of King Taejo) and the time of production (the Korean Empire era). Moreover, the Jungeomyo and Yeonggyeongmyo vessels were used to contain offerings presented during the Cheongmyeongje. When compared to the offerings and vessels used at royal tombs during the Joseon Dynasty's Cheongmyeongje, the vessels from Jungeomyo and Yeonggyeongmyo are deemed appropriate for their hierarchical status. Although the inclusion of the rites for Jungeomyo and Yeonggyeongmyo into the national ceremonial system occurred suddenly, the established system of ritual vessels in the Joseon Dynasty, categorized into refined and supplementary rites, allowed for the rapid formation of types of vessels for these tombs. The Samcheok City Museum currently houses artifacts identified as having been used at Jungeomyo and Yeonggyeongmyo. Comparing the content of historical records with the design of the museum artifacts, it is determined that certain items, such as pharmaceutical jars, plates, mountain-shaped containers, ladles, incense burners, incense boxes, and candlesticks, are artifacts created in 1899. However, the bowls, soup dishes, noodle bowls, and plates documented as porcelain in literature from 1899 have all been replaced with brass, confirming a discrepancy between the recorded materials of the ritual vessels and the materials of the artifacts. In light of the discrepancies between historical records and artifacts, two hypotheses are proposed: that the porcelain items created in 1899 were damaged during use and later replaced with brass, and that at some point, the porcelain vessels were exchanged for brass vessels to uphold the rituals' reverence. Despite the existence of numerous royal ritual vessels from the Joseon Dynasty to the Korean Empire, there is a lack of artifacts whose exact places of use and times can be accurately identified. In this context, the ritual vessels from Jungeomyo and Yeonggyeongmyo provide new and diverse insights.