문제중심학습에 참여한 중학생의 과학적 자기효능감 형성 과정 분석
An Analysis of Middle Schoolers’ Science Self-Efficacy Development in Problem Based Learning
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구에서는 중학생들의 과학적 자기효능감 발달에 영향을 미치는 문제중심학습의 학습 특성을 추출하고 이들 특성 간의 관계를 분석하여 자기효능감이 형성되는 과정을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 20개의 모듈로 이루어진 문제중심학습 과학 프로그램을 개발하였으며, 17명의 중학교 3학년 학생들에게 이 프로그램을 처치하였다. 프로그램을 마친 후 2차에 걸친 반구조화된 심층면담을 하였고 면담자료는 Corbin과 Strauss(2007)의 방법으로 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 학습자의 과학적 자기효능감 발달에 영향을 미치는 문제중심학습의 학습 특성은 실제적이고 비구조화된 문제의 제공, 소그룹 협동학습, 결과의 공유이었다. 실제적이고 비구조화적인 문제의 특성은 학습자의 과학적 자기효능감 형성에 선행조건으로 작용하였으며, 소그룹 협동학습은 자기효능감의 형성을 실질적으로 신장시키는 촉진조건으로 작용하였다. 또한 결과의 공유는 형성된 자기효능감을 미래 과학 활동 참여 의지나 과학적 진로의 선택 등으로 발전시키는 전이조건이 됨을 알 수 있었다.
Abstract
The present study tries to identify the characteristics of Problem Based Learning (PBL), which affects the development of middle school students’ science self-efficacy. Additionally, we have tried to analyze the relationship within those characteristics to demonstrate the processes of science self-efficacy development. In line with this reasoning, we have developed a 20-module, problem-based learning science program and applied this program to 9th grade students (n=17). Two rounds of qualitative interviews have been conducted with each participant after the program, which has been analyzed with the well-documented method by Corbin and Strauss (2007). As a result, three characteristics of problem based learning have been identified to affect the development of science self-efficacy: a) authentic and ill-structured problem sets, b) small group activity, and c) result sharing. Further analysis has revealed that an authentic and ill-structured problem set as a condition precedent of self-efficacy development, while small group activity has worked as an acceleration condition. Lastly, sharing the result works as a transition condition to future interest on science-related activity or choosing science-related majors.
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