에드워드 스틸링플릿(Edward Stillingfleet)의 『화평론』과 그의 교회정치론
Edward Stillingfleet’s Irenicum and His Ideas of Church Government
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본 논문은 에드워드 스틸링플릿(Edward Stillingfleet)의 『화평론』에 나타나는 교회정치론을 교회와 정부의 관계에 관한 아슬아슬한 논쟁이 지속되던 당시 역사적 환경을 바탕으로 재조명하고자 한다. 스틸링플릿의 종교관은 에라스투스주의적 면모를 띄고 있다는 평가를 받아왔으나, 그의 교회정치론은 오히려 16세기 이후 전개된 잉글랜드 국교회 내의 교회와 정치의 관계에 대한 여러 신학적 논리를 충실히 답습하고 있다고 보아야 한다. 그는 잉글랜드에서 세속 권력과 종교 권력이 서로 독립적인 권위를 주 장한다면, 정치적 불안이 지속될 것이라 우려하여, 군주는 교회의 외면적 사항을 법적으로 결정하는 보호자로서 종교 문제에 정당하게 개입할 권 력을 지니고 있다고 믿었다. 그에게 주교제는 신권적 기원을 가지는 독립 적 위계제가 아니라, 세속권력자가 교회를 좀 더 효율적으로 다스리기 위하여 결정한 인위적 제도이며, 현실적 유용성에 의하여 세워진 조직이라고 주장했다. 이러한 논증방식은 그의 교회정치론이 에라스투스의 주장이 아닌, 잉글랜드와 대륙의 종교개혁가들의 논의를 답습하고 있음을 반증하는 것이다.
Abstract
This paper re-examines Edward Stillingfleet’s Irenicum (1661) and his thought of church government in the historical context of debates over church-state relations in early modern England. Stillingfleet has been often cast as an Erastian conformist, but the label misleads. It can be said that his ideas were inspired not by Thomas Erastus but by conformist theologians who had asserted royal supremacy over the church from the sixteenth century. If the church endorsed the independence of religion from the state, this meant that politics remained fundamentally unstable so political concern led him to rehearse Royalist conformists’ account of magisterial discipline and control over religious matter as the civil magistrate was the protector who had the legal rights to determine the use of indifferent things concerning religion. For him, the claim to jure divino episcopacy could be defended because he thought that the episcopal church government was not based on divine law, but established by the civil magistrate for social security. This suggests that his thought on church government was indebted much to English and continental reformers who supported civil magistrates’ determination on religious issues not to Erastus.
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