갈등의 임진강: 안전보장화
The Imjin River of Conflict: The Hydro Political Security Complex and The Securitization Process
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 글은 안보를 발화행위(speech act)로 볼 수 있다는 코펜하겐 학파의 가설에 바탕을 두어 2000년 이후 전개된 임진강 사태를 분석하고 있다. 분석 단위는 안전보장화의 행위자, 위험에 노출되어 보호받을 대상, 기능적 행위자, 청중이며, 안전보장화의 과정과 수준에 비추어 북한의 임진강 수공을 다루었다. 전통적 안보위협과는 다르게, 임진강 수공과 같은 비전통적 안보위협에 대해서 한국정부는, 안전보장화 조처를 취하거나 정치화의 단계로 나가는 걸 삼가고 있다. 여전히 남북한 협력에 의해 임진강 사태가 해결될 수 있을 거라고 발화하고 있다. 북한의 전략적 홍수 혹은 목함 지뢰 테러가, 북한의 고의성이 없거나 잘못이 없을 거라는 식의 발화도 되풀이한다. 임진강 사태를 안전보장화할 것인가 아니면 탈안전보장화할 것인가의 여부는 대체로 정부행위자의 발화행위에 의해 결정되었다. 이는 코펜하겐 학파의 안전보장화 이론에서 크게 벗어나지 않고 있다. 지켜보자는 식의 정책을 10년이 넘도록 고수하고 있다. 지나고 보면 혹은 멀리 보면, 국가수준이 아니라 인간안보 수준에서 임진강 수공의 안전보장화하는 게 훨씬 더 큰 규범적 효용을 낳을 수 있다. 한국의 정책결정자는, 발화행위와 관계없이, 임진강 사태에서 북한이 우월적 위치에 있는 접착성(接着性) 하이드로파워(sticky hydropower)라는 걸 항상 잊지 말아야 한다. 안보확대론에 근거를 두어 북한의 임진강 수공에 대한 방어·공격 조처를 취할 수 있어야 한다.
Abstract
The transboundary river Imjin has become slowly the source of conflict between South Korea and North Korea. We have examined several water attacks and landmine terror attacks against downstream basin of this river by North Korea since 2001 on the securitizaion process proposed by Zeitown. That is a continuum: nonpoliticized-politicized-securitized; opportunized-violized. Still the construction of security looks like to focus on the speech act of major actors and functional agents in spite of repeated water attacks and water terrors from North Korea in the Imjin River. The South Korean government policy makers and Mass Media have tried to reject the securitizing move and stay in the second stage(politicized) or the first stage(nonpoliticized). This case study seems to confirm that we can regard security as a speech act.
참고문헌 (54)
- 황강댐 현황과 대책, "건설부", ~ (2002)
- 김상욱, "북한 황강댐 방류와 우리나라의 홍수 예･경보 시스템", 이슈와 논점, (14) (2009)
- 김영봉, "임진강유역의 평화적 이용을 위한 남북한 협력방안", 국토연구, 48, pp.37~54 (2006), 국토연구원
- 김춘식, "관련기관책임지적 가장 많아 사건소식 신속보도에 중점", 신문과 방송 (2009)
- 마키아벨리, "군주론" (2011), 펭귄 클래식
- 신용노, "임진강유역의 홍수분석모형 개발", 2000년도 학술발표회 논문집, 3, pp.505~508 (2000), 대한토목학회
- 우효섭, "1996년 7월 임진강 유역 대홍수시 강우 및 홍수 특성", 한국 수자원 학회지, 29(4), pp.223~226 (1996)
- 이준선, "임진강 유역의 전략적 가치와 배경", 문화역사지리, 14(3), pp.100~102 (2002)
- 이준선, "임진강유역의 전략적 가치와 그 배경", 2002년도 정기학술대회요약문 (2002)
- Allan, J. A., "The Middle East Water Question: Hydropolitics and the Global Economy" (2000), IB Tauris
- Austin, J. L., "How to do things with words" (1975), Harvard University Press
- Balzacq, Thierry, "Contesting: Strategies and Logics" (2014), Routledge
- Balzacqu, Thierry, "The Three Faces of Securitization: Poltical Ageny, Audience and Context", European Journal of International Relations, 11(2), pp.171~201 (2005)
- Brochmann, Marit, "The Effectiveness of Negotiations over International River Claims", Paper the Annual Meeting of the International Studies Associations (2009)
- Buzan, Barry, "Regions and Powers: structure of International Security" (2003), the Press. Syndicate of the University of Cambridge
- Buzan, Barry, "Security: A New Framework for Analysis" (1998), Lynne Rienner Publishers
- Buzan, Barry, "People, states, and fear: national security problem in international relations" (1983), Wheatsheaf Books
- Dixon, Homer, "Environment, Scarcity, and Violence" (1999), Princeton University Press
- Securitization theory In the construction of the Maras: Between Politicization and Securitization, "Does, Antonia", GIP, ~ (2013)
- Emmers, R., "Contemporary Security Studies", pp.168~181 (2010), Oxford University Press
- Floyd, Rita, "Human Security and the Copenhagen School’s Securitization Approach: Conceputualizing Human Security as a Securitizing Move", Human Security Journal, 5, pp.38~49 (2007)
- Floyd, Rita, "Security and the Environment : securitization theory and US environment security policy" (2010), Cambridge University Press
- Frey, Frederick, "the Political Context of Conflict and Cooperation over International River Basins", Water International, 18, pp.54~68
- Gleditsch, Nils Peter, "Conflicts over shared rivers: Resources scarcity or fuzzy boundaries?", Political Geography, 25(4), pp.361~382 (2006)
- The World’s Water : The Biennial Report on Freshwater Resources, 1998-1999, "Gleick, P. H.", Island Press, ~ (1998)
- Gleick, P. H., "Water in Crisis: A Guide to the World’s Fresh Water Resources" (1993), Oxford Univeristy Press
- Haddadin, Munther, J., "Diplomacy on the Jordan: International conflict and negotiated resolution" (2001), Kluwer
- Hansen, Lene, "The Little Mermaid’s Silent Security Dilemma and the Absence of Gender in the Copenhagen School", Millennium, 29(2), pp.289~306 (2000)
- Jan Schaefer, Philip, "Human and Water Security in Israel and Jordan" (2013), Springer
- Kegley, Charles W., "World Politics, Trend and Transformation" (2006), WADSWORTH
- Kehl, Jenny R., "Hydropolitical Complexes and Asymmetrical Power: Conflict, Cooperation, and Governance of International River Systems", Journal of World-System Research, 17(1), pp.218~235 (2010)
- Masters, Roger D., "Fortune is a River" (1999), Penguin Books
- Mattew, Richard A., "Landmines and Human Security" (2004), State University of New York Press
- McDonald, Matt, "Securitization and the Construction of Security", European Journal of International Relations, 14(4), pp.563~587 (2008)
- Mead, Walter Russell, "America’s Sticky Power", Foreign Policy, (141), pp.46~53 (2004)
- Gleiditsch, "Conflict over shared rivers: Resource Scarcity or fuzzy boundaries", Political Geography, 25, pp.361~382 (2006)
- O’Reilly, Ciaran, "Primetime Patriotism: News Media and the Securitization of Iraq", Journal of Politics and Law, 1(3), pp.66~72 (2008)
- Salzman, James, "Drinking Water: A History" (2013), Peter Meyer Publisher Inc
- Schaefer, Philip Jan, "Human and Water Security in Israel and Jordan" (2013), Springer
- Schulz, M., "Hydropolitics: Conflicts over Water as a Development Constraint" (1995), Zed Books
- Selby Jan, "The Limits of Realism in Water Conflict Analysis", Hydro-Hegemony Workshop (2005), KCL
- Sojamo, Suvi, "Central Asian Waters. Water and Development Publications", pp.75~88 (2008), Helsinki University of Technology
- Solomon, Hussein, "Water Wars : Enduring Myth or Impending Realty?" (2000), Accord
- Swimming Upstream: Water and Discourse of Security, "Swatuk, Larry A.", CSAS, ~, pp.Security, Ecoology and Comminity: A Working Paper Series, No.2 (2000)
- Turton, A. R., "A Hydropolitical Security Complex and its Relevance to SADC", Conflict Trends, (1), pp.21~23 (2001)
- Turton, A. R., "Hydropolitics in the Developing World: A Southern African Perspective" (2002), AWIRU
- Vasquez, John A., "The Scientific Study of Peace and War: A Text Reader" (1999), Lexington Book
- Waever, Ole, "On Secruity" (1995), Columbia University Press
- Warner J., "Plugging the GAP-Working with Buzan: the Illisu Dam as a Security Issue", Paper presented at McGill University (2000)
- Williams, Michael C., "Words, Images, Enemies: Securitization and International Politics", Inernational Studies Quarterly, 47(4), pp.511~531 (2003)
- Williams, Paul A., "Turkey’s Water Policy" (2011), Springer
- Weinthal, "Water and Post-conflict Peacebuilding" (2014), Routledge
- Zeitoun, Mark, "Water Resources in the Middle East" (2007), Springer Verlag